Duke PA EEG and EMG
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| when are EEG's useful | when looking for evidence of epilepsy. when trying to tell if a shaking episode is epilepsy. when attempting to determine if someone is consious or not. somewhat useful in detecting the absence of brain activity.
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| not all spikes are __ | epileptic
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| patients with seizures can have __ | normal EEG's
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| manifested primarily in children and are a brief cessation of conversation or activity followed by immediate return of normal function, usually no shaking occurs | absence seizures
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| a very characteristic EEG pattern often occurs intermittently even when the individual is not having an __ | absence seizure
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| is an ongoing seizure which has little if any movement associated with it, the patients are poorly responsive but the etiology is unclear | Non-convulsive status epilepticus
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| if a person has a focal seizure they are likely to develop additional seizures because the seizure is due to some __ | focal lesion
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| if after a single seizure the patient has signs of epileptiform discharges on __, then they are likely to go on to have further seizures | EEG
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| if after a single seizure the patient is found to have some sort of structural brain lesion on __, then they are more likely to have further seizures | MRI
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| an episode which clinically looks like a seizure but occurs for emotional or psychological reasons and is not accompanied by EEG evidence of seizure during the episode | pseudoseizures
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| __ do not respond to epilepsy medication | pseudoseizures
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| prior to sophisticated imaging procedures EEG was useful in locating mass lesions as the EEG would be __ over the mass | muted or slow
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| the EEG is quite useful in demonstrating the presence and degree of __ but rarely suggests the etiology | coma or encephalopathy
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| if the EEG is completely flat-no evidence of brain activity, this is a useful adjunct in determining brain death. Brain death remains a __ | clinical diagnosis based on the neurological examination
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| there are patients who meet criteria for brain death who __ | still have some EEG activity
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| a needle is inserted into a muscle and the electrical activity of the muscle is observed during rest and activation. The activity is different if the nerve or muscle has been injured | electromyography
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| the EMG/NCV should be considered an extension of the __ | neurologic examination
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| are potentially useful whenever there is a suspicion of peripheral nerve or muscle injury | EMB/NCV
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| they are particularly useful for detecting carpal tunnel syndrome | EMG/NCV
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| they are very useful when investigating the presence or severity of polyneuropathy and sometimes suggest etiologies | EMG/NCV
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| they are sometimes useful when investigating radiculopathy or muscle diseases | EMG/NCV
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| electrical studies used to study the conduction of central nervous system pathways | Evoked Potential Studies
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| electrodes are place on the scalp and brain potentials are recorded in response to a stimulus-measuring the size and timing of the response and comparing those results to normal values | Evoked Potential Studies
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