WVSOM immune system #4 immuno
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| What are the organs of the immune system? | thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymphnode, other lymphoid tissue
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| What are the cells of the immune system? | lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, inflammatory cells
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| What are the soluble factors of the immune system? | Antibody, cytokines, complement
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| What is the cell surface proteins? | MHC proteins, cell adhesion molecules, receptors, CD proteins (e.g,CD4, CD8)
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| What is the major role of Primary immune organ? | place where phagocytes, Maturation production
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| What are some primary lymphoid organs? | thymus, bone marrow
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| What are the secondary lymphoid organs and tissues? | tonsils and adenoids, bronchus associated lymph tissue, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, lymphoid nodules, mesenteric lymph nodes, peyer’s patch, urogenital lymphoid tissue
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| Does each factor active the same transcription factor causing similar responses? | NO, Different factors activate different transcription factors causing different responses
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| What two types of progenetor cells does a pluripotent stem cell make? | lymphoid and myeloid
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| What does the lymphoid progenitor differentiate into? | B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells
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| What does Myeloid progenitor cells differentiate into? | Erythroid CFU, Megakaryocyte, Basophile CFU, Eosinophil CFU, and granulocyte-monocyte CFU
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| What does Erythroid CFU differentiate into? | erythrocytes
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| What does Megakaryocytes make? | platelets
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| What does Granulocytes make? | neutrophils
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| Where is the primary site for B lymphocyte development and hematopoesis? | Bone marrow
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| The growth factor stem cell factor (SCF) affects what cells? | All hematopoietic cells
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| The growth factor IL-3 (multi-CSF) affects what cells? | Granulocytes, monocytes, RBC
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| The growth factor GM-CSF affects what cells? | granullocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells
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| The growth factor G-CSF affects what cells? | neutrophils (PMN)
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| The growth factor Erythropoietin affects what cells? | Erythrocytes
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| What is the Primary purpose of the thymus gland? | maturation and education of T cells
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| What is happening In the Education process of the thymus gland? | tells them to develop and eliminate the T-cells that may be auto-reactive so they won’t attack us, Make sure that the T cell only recognize the antigen
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| Explain the adult thymus: | You will still find some activity in the adult thymus but for the most part there is a lot of atrophy
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| Is the spleen a primary or secondary lymphoid organ? | secondary
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| What do lymphoid cells in the white pulp of the spleen surround? | arteries
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| Spleen what does it do? | Primary function is to filter blood and sample the blood for pathogens and present antigens
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| What is the purpose of lymphoid tissue? | will sample the organisms that may be in the blood to determine the response, sample and induce immune response
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| What is the major complication for spleenectomy? | infections
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| Is the spleen important in fighting infection? | very important as anti infection mechanism
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| What are the Collection points among the lymphatic organs? | tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, liver, spleen, peyer’s patch on small intestine, appendix, and bone marrow
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| Where is the lymph is filtered and sampled for pathogens? | lymph nodes
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| Is the lymph node an Antigen presenting cells as well? | yes
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| What type of cells are primarily in the Cortex of the lymph node? | B cell cells
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| Under the cortex is the paracortex in the lymph node is where most of the what hang out? | T cells hang out and antigen presenting cells
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| Under the paracortex of the lymph node you find the medulla area where what happens? | lymph will come in and exit the lymph node
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| Are the areas of the lymph node physically separated? | no they interact with each other so the B cells and T cells need to inter act to activate each other.
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| What does the primary follicles look like in the lymph node? | Primary are quiet not been activated and they stain dark
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| What does the Secondary follicles look like in the lymph node? | have a lot more going on they stain lighter
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| Where do you find Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)? | Anywhere you will have an opening you have mucous membrane and you have lymphoid tissue, eg. Respiratory, GI, urogenital
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| What is the function of the appendix? | You really don’t know the function of the appendix but seems to be responding to antigens because they have a lot of lymphoid cells in it
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| What do B lymphocytes differentiate into? | plasma cells that make antibody
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| What are T cells? | the regulators of the immune system they have helper and killer function
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| What are the two major classes of lymphocytes? | B and T lymphocytes
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| Natural killer cells are not antigen specific but they are another form of what? | lymphocytes the major function is to kill virus infected cells and tumor cells
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| What is the function of natural killer T cell (NKT)? | recognize glycolipids
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| What are Antigen presenting cells? | cells that present antigen
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| Does T-cells have to have antigenic peptides presented before they are activated? | yes
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| Lymphocytes of the immune system have to recognize antigen on the surface of the cell before what can happen? | activation of the immune response
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| Will T lymphocyte recognize some antigen on its own surface? | No only on the surface of another cell
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| What is included in APC? | dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes
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| What is the important purpose of dendritic cells? | its the most important APC for activating T cells
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| List some inflammatory cells? | neutrophils, eosiniophils, basophils, mast cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, platelets
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| What are cell surface molecules? | cell adhesion molecules, membrane receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, and CD molecules
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| How many different types of receptors are there? | one for every type of cell, one for B,T,ect.
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| When was MHC proteins first discovered? | when they started doing organ transplants, the host body would reject the donor organ due to the difference in MHC proteins
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| Why does MHC activate the immune response? | These are involved in activating the t cells, they differ from person to person, MHC proteins have a little pocket with proteins in it that the T cells recognize, this will activate the immune response
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| Where is CD2 expressed and what is its function? | T cells, NK; adhesion
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| Where is CD3 expressed and what is its function? | T cells; activation
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| Where is CD4 expressed and what is its function? | helper T cells; adhesion
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| Where is CD8 expressed and what is its function? | killer T cells; activation
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| Where is CD21 expressed and what is its function? | B cells; activation
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| Where is CD34 expressed and what is its function? | stem cells; adhesion
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| Where is CD40 expressed and what is its function? | B cells; activation
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| Where is CD95 expressed and what is its function? | many cells; apoptosis
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| Are there many cytokines and What are cytokines? | Many different types of cytokines they are the communication molecules that induce stuff on other cells
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| List some soluble immunologic factors: | immunoglobulin (antibody), complement, cytokines
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| What produces antibodies and what is their function? | immunoglobulins are produced by plasma cells and they mediate antigen recognition and immune effector functions
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| What are the functions of the immune effector? | antigen binding, neutralization of microbial toxins, inhibiting attachment of microbes, opsonization, activate complement, and protection of developing fetus
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