vocab Ancient India
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| Zero | symbol created during the Gupta Empire.
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| Numbers 1-9 | Hindu-Arabic number symbols that were spread by traders. These symbols used today. (cultural diffusion)
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| Gupta Empire | Created by Chandragupta. Grew wealthy through trade. Trade with China, Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean Area.
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| Mauryan Empire | Founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 B.C. India's first empire. Stretch from northern India to almost the southern tip.
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| Caste system | social hierarchy that divides people into four Varnas. Introduced by the Aryans.
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| Asoka | Mauryan King that converted to Buddhism. Built hospitals, roads, Stupas, religious tolerance and a trade network to the Mediterranean Sea.
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| Golden Age | During the Gupta Empire: algorithm, symbols for 1-9, zero and infinity, mapped the movement of the stars, understood gravity, set broken bones, plastic surgery, metallurgy (steel)
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| Four Noble Truths | Buddhism beliefs: Life is full of suffering and to end suffering , end desires for worldly possession, and to follow the Eight fold path.
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| Eight Fold Path | Buddha's path to end suffering. Consist of doing the right things. Doesn't believe in the caste system. Believed all people could reach Nirvana.
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| Moksha | Part of the Four Aims of Hinduism. Moksha is the end of teh reincarnation of the soul cycle.
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| Untouchables | The bottom Varna of the Caste System. These people preformed smelly jobs.
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| Aryans | Nomadic Pastoralist from Central Asia. Migrated into India and brought the iron plow, Sanskrit language, the Caste System, and the idea that cows are sacred animals to India.
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| Reincarnation | The idea that the soul is reborn again and again. Found in both Hinduism and Buddhism.
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| Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa | Cities found in the Indus River Valley. Agrarian society, traded with Mesopotamia, pictograph writing, sewer system, Citadel area with Great Bath and Lower City with houses
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| Pastoralism | Nomadic people who live in Central Asia. Found in areas where the climate and elevation is not good for farming, but can support grazing animals. Survival and wealth based on the animals. People were warriors (militaristic)
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| Nomads/Nomadiac | people who move from place to place looking for food.
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| Agarian | Agriculture; people who farm and are sedentary (stay in one place)
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| Sedentary | stay in one place; permanent
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| Buddhism | religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, in India. Spread to Southeast and East Asia. Belief life is full of suffering, reincarnation, to reach Nirvana.
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| Hinduism | religion created in India by the Aryans, includes the Caste System. Polytheistic, Karma, Dharma, Varna. Aim to be one with the Brahman, by ending reincarnation.
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| Siddhartha Gautama | Prince from Northern India. Creator of Buddhism
The Enlightened One
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| Samsara | Cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism
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| Nirvana | Ending of reincarnation in Buddhism; the soul is liberated.
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| Dharma | One stage of the Four Aims of Hinduism. The Dharma means to do one's job or duty in the Varna.
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| Varna | Refers to the levels of the Caste System. One is born in the Varna and dies in the Varna. Used in Hinduism
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| Karma | The sums of lives good and bad deeds. This will determine your next life in Hinduism. Used in Buddhism and Sikhism as sum of good.
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| Indus River Valley | Area where the Indian civilization begins. In present day Pakistan. River provides fertile soil for farming, water for irrigation and life. Flows into the Arabian Sea.
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| Saraswati River | River that paralleled the Indus were the Indian city of Harappa was located. The river disappeared.
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| Brahmaputra River | River that flows from the Himalaya southeast. The river meets the Ganges River at the Ganges Delta and flows into the Bay of Bengal
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| Sikhism | Fifth largest religion. Started in 1500 CE in Northern Indian Punjab region. Equality and acceptance for all. Monotheistic.
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| Guru Nanak | Founder of Sikhism. One of 10 gurus.
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| Guru Granth Sahib | Sacred text of Sikhism. Thought of as the 11th guru.
Contains teachings of the 10 gurus.
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| Five K's | Baptized Sikhs wear the symbols of Sikhism.
Kiran; sword/knife, Kaccha; cotton shorts, Kesh: uncut hair, Kangha: wooden comb, Kara: silver bangle
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| Waheguru | Most common name used for Sikh god.
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| Gurdwara | Sikh place of worship
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| Golden Temple | Most famous gurdwara located in Amritsar, India; known as Harmandir Sahib.
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| Khanda | symbol on the Sikh triangular flag. Nishan Sahib.
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| Brahman | Ultimate universal spirit on Hinduism.
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| Brahmin, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas , Sudras | Caste varnas.
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