Dooley's Med Term Chapter 4
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| tendon | narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone
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| skeletal muscles | attach to bones to make movement possible
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| smooth muscle | muscles located in the walls of digestive tract, blood vessels, ducts
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| cardiac muscle | forms the wall of the heart
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| myocardial | refers to heart muscle
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| kinesiology | study of muscular mactivity or movement
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| contraction | tightening of a muscle; it becomes smaller & tighter
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| relaxation | muscle becomes longer & thinner; muscle in its original form
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| tonus | normal muscle tension
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| neuromuscular | refers to the relationship between nerve and muscle
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| abduction | movement away from the midline
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| adduction | movement toward the midline
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| flexion | decreases an angle as in bending
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| elevation | raises a body part
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| extension | increases an angle as in straightening a joint
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| depression | lowers a body part
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| rotation | turns a bone on its own axis
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| circumduction | turns at the far end
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| supination | turns the palm upward
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| pronation | turns the pam downward
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| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle
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| plantar flexion | bends the foot down at the ankle
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| muscle origin | place where a muscle begins; more fixed attachment; nearest the midline
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| muscle insertion | place where a muscle ends; the more moveable end of a muscle; farthest from the midline
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| rectus | means straight
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| oblique | slanted or at an angle
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| transverse | crosswise
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| sphincter | ringlike that constricts the opening of a passageway
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| biceps | pertaining to two muscle divisions
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| triceps | pertaining to three muscle divisions
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| quadriceps | pertaining to four muscle divisions
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| fascia | fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, & separates muscle
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| my/o | muscle
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| myos/o | muscle
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| fasci/o | fascia
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| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon
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| orthopedic surgeon | treats injuries and disorders of bone, joints, muscle & tendons
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| rheumatologist | treats disorders that involve inflammation of muscles
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| neurologist | treats the cause of paralysis & similar muscular disorders where there is loss of function
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| lateral | toward the side
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| medial | toward the midline
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| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia
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| tenalgia | pain in a tendon
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| tendonitis | inflammation in a tendon
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| atrophty | muscle weakness and wasting
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| myolysis | degeneration of muscle
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| myositis | inflammation of a muscle
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| polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease that causes muscle weakness & atrophy
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| myomalacia | abnormal softening of muscle tissue
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| myosclerosis | abnormal hardening of muscle tissue
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| myorrhexis | rupture of a muscle
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| atonic | lack of normal muscle tone
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| dystonia | condition of having abnormal muscle tone
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| hypertonia | excessive muscle tone
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| hypotonia | diminished muscle tone
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| ataxia | inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement
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| dystaxia | difficulty controlling voluntary
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| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissue making the muscle resistant to stretching
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| spasm | crmp; sudden, violent contraction of a muscle
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| spasmodic torticollis | AKA 'wryneck'; stiff neck due to spasms that cause the neck to pull the head to one side
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| kinesia | movement
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| bradykinesia | extreme slowness of movement
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| dyskensia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
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| hyperkinesia | AKA hyperactivity; abnormally increased motor function
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| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased motor function
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| tardive dyskinesia | dyskinesia that appears as a side effect of long term use of certain antipsychotic drugs
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| clonus | violent movement
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| myoclonus | spasm or twitching of muscles
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| singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm; hiccups
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| myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause
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| muscular dystrophy | inherited muscle disorder; causes muscle weakness without involvement of the nervous system
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| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | MD that appears in early childhood andprogresses slowly; survival rate rare past late twenties
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| Becker's Muscular dystrophy | appears in adolescence or early adulthood; less severe; slower progression; life expectancy mid to late adulthood
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| fibromyalgia | chronic disorder; unknown cause; aching pain, tender points, fatigue; not life threatening
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| ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design of tools and the work environment
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| myofascial | referrs to muscle and fascia
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| carpal tunnel syndrome | pain, burning, and tingling in the fingers caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel at the wrist
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| radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots; can occur in the neck or back
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| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
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| plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia of the plantar surface (sole) of the foot
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| sprain | injury to a joint usually involving a stretched or torn ligament
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| strain | injury to the body of a muscle or attachment of the tendon; usually involves a stretched or torn muscle or tendon
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| shin splint | pain caused by the muscle tearing tearing away from the tibia
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| paresis | weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle
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| hemiparesis | slight paralysis of one side of the body
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| paralysis | loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements; due to disease or injury to the nerve supply
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| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs
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| paraplegic | a person sufferin gfrom paraplegia
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| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities
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| cardiplegia | paralysis of the muscles of the heart
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| physical therapy | treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage
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| tenectomy | surgical removal of a lesion from a tendon or tendon sheath
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| tenodesis | suture the end of a tendon to a bone
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| tenotomy | surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity
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| tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon
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| TENORRHAPHY | suturing of a divided tendon
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| myectomy | surgical removal of a portion of a muscle
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| myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle
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| myorrhaphy | to suture a muscle wound
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| ADL | activities of daily living; EX: bathing, brushing teeth, hair; dressing, eating , toileting
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| range of motion exercises (ROM) | full range of a muscle's movement; help strength, flexibility, mobility
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