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Med Term Chapter 4
Dooley's Med Term Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tendon | narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| skeletal muscles | attach to bones to make movement possible |
| smooth muscle | muscles located in the walls of digestive tract, blood vessels, ducts |
| cardiac muscle | forms the wall of the heart |
| myocardial | refers to heart muscle |
| kinesiology | study of muscular mactivity or movement |
| contraction | tightening of a muscle; it becomes smaller & tighter |
| relaxation | muscle becomes longer & thinner; muscle in its original form |
| tonus | normal muscle tension |
| neuromuscular | refers to the relationship between nerve and muscle |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| adduction | movement toward the midline |
| flexion | decreases an angle as in bending |
| elevation | raises a body part |
| extension | increases an angle as in straightening a joint |
| depression | lowers a body part |
| rotation | turns a bone on its own axis |
| circumduction | turns at the far end |
| supination | turns the palm upward |
| pronation | turns the pam downward |
| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| plantar flexion | bends the foot down at the ankle |
| muscle origin | place where a muscle begins; more fixed attachment; nearest the midline |
| muscle insertion | place where a muscle ends; the more moveable end of a muscle; farthest from the midline |
| rectus | means straight |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| transverse | crosswise |
| sphincter | ringlike that constricts the opening of a passageway |
| biceps | pertaining to two muscle divisions |
| triceps | pertaining to three muscle divisions |
| quadriceps | pertaining to four muscle divisions |
| fascia | fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, & separates muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| orthopedic surgeon | treats injuries and disorders of bone, joints, muscle & tendons |
| rheumatologist | treats disorders that involve inflammation of muscles |
| neurologist | treats the cause of paralysis & similar muscular disorders where there is loss of function |
| lateral | toward the side |
| medial | toward the midline |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| tenalgia | pain in a tendon |
| tendonitis | inflammation in a tendon |
| atrophty | muscle weakness and wasting |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myolysis | degeneration of muscle |
| myositis | inflammation of a muscle |
| polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease that causes muscle weakness & atrophy |
| myomalacia | abnormal softening of muscle tissue |
| myosclerosis | abnormal hardening of muscle tissue |
| myorrhexis | rupture of a muscle |
| atonic | lack of normal muscle tone |
| dystonia | condition of having abnormal muscle tone |
| hypertonia | excessive muscle tone |
| hypotonia | diminished muscle tone |
| ataxia | inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement |
| dystaxia | difficulty controlling voluntary |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissue making the muscle resistant to stretching |
| spasm | crmp; sudden, violent contraction of a muscle |
| spasmodic torticollis | AKA 'wryneck'; stiff neck due to spasms that cause the neck to pull the head to one side |
| kinesia | movement |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness of movement |
| dyskensia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement |
| hyperkinesia | AKA hyperactivity; abnormally increased motor function |
| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased motor function |
| tardive dyskinesia | dyskinesia that appears as a side effect of long term use of certain antipsychotic drugs |
| clonus | violent movement |
| myoclonus | spasm or twitching of muscles |
| singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm; hiccups |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause |
| muscular dystrophy | inherited muscle disorder; causes muscle weakness without involvement of the nervous system |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | MD that appears in early childhood andprogresses slowly; survival rate rare past late twenties |
| Becker's Muscular dystrophy | appears in adolescence or early adulthood; less severe; slower progression; life expectancy mid to late adulthood |
| fibromyalgia | chronic disorder; unknown cause; aching pain, tender points, fatigue; not life threatening |
| ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design of tools and the work environment |
| myofascial | referrs to muscle and fascia |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | pain, burning, and tingling in the fingers caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel at the wrist |
| radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots; can occur in the neck or back |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
| plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia of the plantar surface (sole) of the foot |
| sprain | injury to a joint usually involving a stretched or torn ligament |
| strain | injury to the body of a muscle or attachment of the tendon; usually involves a stretched or torn muscle or tendon |
| shin splint | pain caused by the muscle tearing tearing away from the tibia |
| paresis | weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis of one side of the body |
| paralysis | loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements; due to disease or injury to the nerve supply |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs |
| paraplegic | a person sufferin gfrom paraplegia |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| cardiplegia | paralysis of the muscles of the heart |
| physical therapy | treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage |
| tenectomy | surgical removal of a lesion from a tendon or tendon sheath |
| tenodesis | suture the end of a tendon to a bone |
| tenotomy | surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity |
| tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon |
| TENORRHAPHY | suturing of a divided tendon |
| myectomy | surgical removal of a portion of a muscle |
| myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle |
| myorrhaphy | to suture a muscle wound |
| ADL | activities of daily living; EX: bathing, brushing teeth, hair; dressing, eating , toileting |
| range of motion exercises (ROM) | full range of a muscle's movement; help strength, flexibility, mobility |
Created by:
dgdooley
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