Medical Terminology Chapter 12 -EYE
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| aque/o | water
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| blephar/o | eyelid
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| conjuctiv/o | conjunctiva (to join together)
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| corne/o, karat/o | cornea
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| cycl/o | ciliary body (circle)
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| ir/o, irid/o | iris (colored circle)
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| lacrim/o, dacry/o | tear
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| ocul/o, opthalm/o, opt/o | eye
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| phac/o, phak/o | lens (lenitl)
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| phot/o | light
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| presby/o | old age
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| retin/o | retina
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| scler/o | sclera (hard)
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| vitre/o | glassy
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| -opia | condition of vision
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| anterior chamber | fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris
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| aqueous humor | water liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens
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| canal of Schlemn | duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream
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| choroid | vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina
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| ciliary body | ring of muscle behind the periphreal iris that controls the power of the lens
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| ciliary muscle | smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near-vision capability
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| ciliary processes | epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor
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| conjunctiva | joining together; mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and ourter surface of the eyeball
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| cornea | transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image
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| eyelid (palpebra) | moveable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye
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| fovea centralis | pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea=pit)
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| fundus (base) | interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye)
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| glands of Zeis | oil glands surrounding the eyelashes
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| meibomian glands | oil glands located alon the rim of the eyelids
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| iris | colored circle
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| lacrimal gland | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears
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| lens | transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina
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| lens capsule | capsule that encloses the lens
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| macula lutea (macula) | central region of the retina responsible for central vision
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| nasolacrimal duct | passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose
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| optic disk | exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as the entrance point for retinal arteries and the exit point for retinal veins
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| optic nerve | nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
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| posterior chamber | space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid
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| pupil | black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye
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| retina | innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve
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| cones | cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to light
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| rods | rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light
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| sclera | tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve
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| trabecular meshwork | mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aquaous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemn
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| vitreous | jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye
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| asthenopia | eyestrain
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| blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding they eye, causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing
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| diplopia | double vison
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| exophthalmous, exophthalmus | abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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| lacrimation | secretion of tears
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| nystagmus | involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball
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| photophobia | extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light
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| scotoma | blind spot in vision
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| refractive errors | defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing and improper focus on the retina
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| astigmatism | distorted vision caused by and oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina
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| hyperopia | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina
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| myopia | nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina
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| presbyopia | impaired vision owing to old-age loss of accommodation
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| accomodation | ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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| ambylopia | decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result strabismus, refractive errors
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| aphakia | absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
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| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid
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| blepharochalasis, dermatochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of they eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis=a slackening)
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| blepharoptosis, ptosis | drooping of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis
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| chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid
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| cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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| conjuctivitis | pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
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| dacryoadentis | inflamation of the lacrimal gland
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| dacryocystitis | inflamation of the tear sac
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| diabetic retinopathy | disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization), leading to scarring and loss of vision
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| ectropion | outward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct
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| glaucoma | group of disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
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| hordeolum | sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid
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| iritis | inflammation of the iris
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| keratitis | inflammation of the corena
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| macular degeneration | breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula
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| pseudophakia | eye in which the natural lense is replaced with an artificial lense implant
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| pterygium | fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea
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| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
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| retinitis | inflammation of the retina
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| strabismus | crossed eyes
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| heterotropia | both eyes deviate
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| esotropia | right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose
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| exotropia | right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose
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| trichiasis | misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
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| distance visual acuity | measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance
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| fluorescein angiography | visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye
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| ophthalmoscopy | use of an opthlamoscope to view the interior of the eye
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| refraction | measurement of refractive errors using a phoropter to determine best corrected vision and prescription for eye glasses or contact lenses
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| phoropter | instrument that holds corrective lenses in front of the eye to determine optical correction
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| slit-lamp biomicroscopy | use of a tabletop microscope to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes
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| sonography | use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye such as foreign bodies or a detached retina
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| tonometry | use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma
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| blepharoplasty | surgical repair of an eyelid
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| cataract extraction | excision of a cloudy lense from the eye
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| cryoretinopexy, cryopexy | use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment
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| dacryocystectomy | excision of a lacrimal sac
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| enucleation | excision of an eyeball
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| iridectomy | excision of a portion of iris tissue
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| iridotomy | incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma
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| keratoplasty | corneal transplant; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor
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| laser surgery | use of a laser to make incision or destroy tissues
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| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) | technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
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| intraocular lens (IOL) implant | implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
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| phacoemulsification | use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal
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| scleral buckling | surgery to treat retinal detachment
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| trabeculectomy | removal of a portion of the trabecular meshwork to increase the flow of aqueous humor from the eye
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| contact lens | small plastic curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea
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| eye instillation | introduction of a medicated solution in the eye
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| eye irrigation | washing of the eye with water or other fluid
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| antibiotic opthalmic solution | antimicrobial agent in solution, used to treat bacterial infections
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| cycloplegic | agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and powers of accomodation
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| mydriatic | agent that causes dialation of the pupil
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| miotic | agent that causes the pupil to contract
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