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MT Eye Chp 12
Medical Terminology Chapter 12 -EYE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aque/o | water |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjuctiv/o | conjunctiva (to join together) |
| corne/o, karat/o | cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body (circle) |
| ir/o, irid/o | iris (colored circle) |
| lacrim/o, dacry/o | tear |
| ocul/o, opthalm/o, opt/o | eye |
| phac/o, phak/o | lens (lenitl) |
| phot/o | light |
| presby/o | old age |
| retin/o | retina |
| scler/o | sclera (hard) |
| vitre/o | glassy |
| -opia | condition of vision |
| anterior chamber | fluid-filled space between the cornea and iris |
| aqueous humor | water liquid secreted at the ciliary body that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye and provides nourishment for the cornea, iris, and lens |
| canal of Schlemn | duct in the anterior chamber that carries filtered aqueous humor to the veins and bloodstream |
| choroid | vascular layer beneath the sclera that provides nourishment to the outer portion of the retina |
| ciliary body | ring of muscle behind the periphreal iris that controls the power of the lens |
| ciliary muscle | smooth muscle portion of the ciliary body, which contracts to assist in near-vision capability |
| ciliary processes | epithelial tissue folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that secrete aqueous humor |
| conjunctiva | joining together; mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and ourter surface of the eyeball |
| cornea | transparent, anterior part of the eyeball covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber that functions to refract (bend) light to focus a visual image |
| eyelid (palpebra) | moveable protective fold that opens and closes, covering the eye |
| fovea centralis | pinpoint depression in the center of the macula lutea that is the site of sharpest vision (fovea=pit) |
| fundus (base) | interior surface of the eyeball including the retina, optic disk, macula, and posterior pole (curvature at the back of the eye) |
| glands of Zeis | oil glands surrounding the eyelashes |
| meibomian glands | oil glands located alon the rim of the eyelids |
| iris | colored circle |
| lacrimal gland | gland located in the upper outer region above the eyeball that secretes tears |
| lens | transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays on the retina |
| lens capsule | capsule that encloses the lens |
| macula lutea (macula) | central region of the retina responsible for central vision |
| nasolacrimal duct | passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nose |
| optic disk | exit site of retinal nerve fibers as well as the entrance point for retinal arteries and the exit point for retinal veins |
| optic nerve | nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain |
| posterior chamber | space between the back of the iris and the front of the vitreous filled with aqueous fluid |
| pupil | black circular opening in the center of the iris through which light passes as it enters the eye |
| retina | innermost layer that perceives and transmits light to the optic nerve |
| cones | cone-shaped cells within the retina that are color sensitive and respond to light |
| rods | rod-shaped cells within the retina that respond to dim light |
| sclera | tough, fibrous, white outer coat extending from the cornea to the optic nerve |
| trabecular meshwork | mesh-like structure in the anterior chamber that filters the aquaous humor as it flows into the canal of Schlemn |
| vitreous | jelly-like mass filling the inner chamber between the lens and retina that gives bulk to the eye |
| asthenopia | eyestrain |
| blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of the muscles surrounding they eye, causing uncontrolled blinking and lid squeezing |
| diplopia | double vison |
| exophthalmous, exophthalmus | abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs |
| lacrimation | secretion of tears |
| nystagmus | involuntary, rapid oscillating movement of the eyeball |
| photophobia | extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light |
| scotoma | blind spot in vision |
| refractive errors | defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing and improper focus on the retina |
| astigmatism | distorted vision caused by and oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina |
| hyperopia | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays extend beyond the proper focus on the retina |
| myopia | nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays fall short of the proper focus on the retina |
| presbyopia | impaired vision owing to old-age loss of accommodation |
| accomodation | ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects |
| ambylopia | decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result strabismus, refractive errors |
| aphakia | absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction |
| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid |
| blepharochalasis, dermatochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of elasticity of skin on the upper eyelid, causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of they eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis=a slackening) |
| blepharoptosis, ptosis | drooping of the eyelid usually caused by paralysis |
| chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid |
| cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision |
| conjuctivitis | pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva |
| dacryoadentis | inflamation of the lacrimal gland |
| dacryocystitis | inflamation of the tear sac |
| diabetic retinopathy | disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization), leading to scarring and loss of vision |
| ectropion | outward turning of the rim of the eyelid |
| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct |
| glaucoma | group of disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision |
| hordeolum | sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid |
| iritis | inflammation of the iris |
| keratitis | inflammation of the corena |
| macular degeneration | breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula |
| pseudophakia | eye in which the natural lense is replaced with an artificial lense implant |
| pterygium | fibrous growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea |
| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| strabismus | crossed eyes |
| heterotropia | both eyes deviate |
| esotropia | right or left eye deviates inward toward the nose |
| exotropia | right or left eye deviates outward away from the nose |
| trichiasis | misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea |
| distance visual acuity | measure of the ability to see the details and shape of identifiable objects from a specified distance |
| fluorescein angiography | visualization and photography of retinal and choroidal vessels made as fluorescein dye, which is injected into a vein, circulates through the eye |
| ophthalmoscopy | use of an opthlamoscope to view the interior of the eye |
| refraction | measurement of refractive errors using a phoropter to determine best corrected vision and prescription for eye glasses or contact lenses |
| phoropter | instrument that holds corrective lenses in front of the eye to determine optical correction |
| slit-lamp biomicroscopy | use of a tabletop microscope to examine the eye, especially the cornea, lens, fluids, and membranes |
| sonography | use of high-frequency sound waves to detect pathology within the eye such as foreign bodies or a detached retina |
| tonometry | use of a tonometer to measure intraocular pressure, which is elevated in glaucoma |
| blepharoplasty | surgical repair of an eyelid |
| cataract extraction | excision of a cloudy lense from the eye |
| cryoretinopexy, cryopexy | use of intense cold to seal a hole or tear in the retina; used to treat retinal detachment |
| dacryocystectomy | excision of a lacrimal sac |
| enucleation | excision of an eyeball |
| iridectomy | excision of a portion of iris tissue |
| iridotomy | incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow for drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma |
| keratoplasty | corneal transplant; replacement of a diseased or scarred cornea with a healthy one from a matched donor |
| laser surgery | use of a laser to make incision or destroy tissues |
| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) | technique using the excimer laser to reshape the surface of the cornea refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism |
| intraocular lens (IOL) implant | implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens |
| phacoemulsification | use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal |
| scleral buckling | surgery to treat retinal detachment |
| trabeculectomy | removal of a portion of the trabecular meshwork to increase the flow of aqueous humor from the eye |
| contact lens | small plastic curved disk with optical correction that fits over the cornea |
| eye instillation | introduction of a medicated solution in the eye |
| eye irrigation | washing of the eye with water or other fluid |
| antibiotic opthalmic solution | antimicrobial agent in solution, used to treat bacterial infections |
| cycloplegic | agent that paralyzes the ciliary muscle and powers of accomodation |
| mydriatic | agent that causes dialation of the pupil |
| miotic | agent that causes the pupil to contract |
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