Industrialization and Urban Planning
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| Basic Industries | that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
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| Business services | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses.
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| Central Bussiness District | The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered.
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| Central Place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
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| Central Place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and far¬ther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of pe
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| City State | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immedi¬ate hinterland..
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| Clustered rural settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each otller and fields surround the settlement.
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| Consumer Services | Businesses that provide sen;ces primarily to individual consumers, including retail sen-ices and personal servICes.
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| Dispersed rural settlement | A rural settlement pattern char¬acterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
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| Economic base | A community's collection of basic industries.
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| Enclosure movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.
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| Gravity model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
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| Market area | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services.
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| Nonbasic industries | Industries that sell their products prima¬rily to consumers in the community.
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| Personal Services | Manufacturing activities in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the loca¬tion of the firm.
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| Consumer Services | Services that provide for the well-being and personal improvement of individual consumers.
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| Primate City | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
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| Primate city rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
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| Producer services | Services that primarily help people con¬duct business.
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| Range | The maximum distance people are will¬ing to travel to use a service.
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| Rank size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 11th largest settlement is Un the population of the largest settlement.
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| Retail Services | Services that promote goods for sale to consumers.
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| service | An activity that fulfills a human Want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
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| Settlement | A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.
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| Threshold | beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.
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| Transportation and information services | Services that dif¬fuse and distribute services.
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| Break of Bulk point | A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.
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| Bulk reducing industry | An industry in which the final prod¬uct weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.
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| Cottage industry | Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.
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| Fordist production | Form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.
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| Industrial Revolution | A series of imprmements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
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| Labor intensive industry | An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
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| Maquiladora | Factories built by u.s. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lm,-er labor costs in 1\1exico.
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| New international division of labor | Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.
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| Post Fordist | production Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that per¬form a variety of tasks.
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| Right to work state | A U.S. state that has passed a law pre¬venting a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.
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| Site factors Location | factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital.
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| Situation factors | The location of a place relative to other places. Situation factors Location factors related to the transporta¬tion of materials into and from a factory.
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| Textile | A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing
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| Trading bloc | a group of neighboring countries that promote trade with each other and erect barriers to limit trade ,\'ith other blocs
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