Dooley's Med Term Chapter 3
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| hematopoietic | pertaining to the formation of blood cells
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| cartilage | shock absorber between bones/more elastic than bone
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| meniscus | curved cartilage found in some joints
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| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone
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| epiphysis | wide end of a bone
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| foramen | opening in bone through which vessels, nerves, ligaments pass
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| process | normal projection on the surface of a bone
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| articulation | joint
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| joint | connection between bones
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| articulate | join or come together in a manner that allows motion between parts
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| suture | jagged line where bones join & form a joint that does not move
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| fontanel | where sutures in skull do not close in babies
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| symphysis | type of joint where two bones join and are held in place by cartilage
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| synovial joint | moveable joint
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| ball & socket | type of joint found at the hip, shoulder
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| hinge joint | type of joint found at the elbow
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| ligaments | join bone to bone
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| tendons | join muscle to bone
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| synovial fluid | type of fluid that lubricates the joints
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| bursa | fibrous sac that lines the joints that acts as a cushion
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| axila skeleton | protects majour organs of the body
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| appendicular skeleton | made up of upper and lower extremities
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| extremities | shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, feet
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| cranium | skull/encloses the brain
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| auditory | pertaining to hearing
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| auditory ossicles | tiny bones of the middle ear
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| thoracic | pertains to the chest
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| costals | ribs
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| mandible | bone of the lower jaw
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| maxilla | bone of the upper jaw
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| sternum | breast bone
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| clavicle | collar bone
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| scapula | shoulder blade
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| olecranon process | large projection at the elbow/funny bone
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| coccyx | tailbone
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| femur | thigh bone
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| patella | kneecap
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| tibia | skinbone
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| phalanges | fingers and toes
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| malleolus | anklebone
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| arthr/o | pertaining to a joint
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| arthralgia | joint pain
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| bursa | fibrous sac that cushions a joint
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| bursitis | inflammation of the fibrous sac that cushion a joint
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| chondr/o | joint
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| chondroma | tumor of cartilage
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| chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage
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| hallux valus | bunion/abnormal enlargement of the joint at the great toe
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| synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane
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| luxation | dislocation
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| arthr/o | refers to a joint
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| bone | form of connective tissue/one of hardest tissue within the body
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| myel/o | bone marrow/spinal cord
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| marrow | manufactures red blood cells/located in central portion of bone
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| periosteum | tough, fibrous covering of the bone
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| compact bone | hard, dense, very strong tissue that forms outer layer of bone
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| spongy bone | lighter that compact bone/red marrow located here
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| medularry cavity | central shaft of a bone that holds yellow marrow (fat)
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| meniscus | curved fibrous cartilage that cushions the knee joints and the TMJ
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| orthotics | orthopedic appliances that are designed to to improve the function of movable parts/ex: splints, braces
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| osteopathy | any bone disease
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| ankylosis | form of connective tissue/one of hardest tissue within the body
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| myel/o | bone marrow/spinal cord
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| marrow | stiffness in a joint esp. in elderly/abnormal hardening of a joint
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| periosteum | tough, fibrous covering of the bone
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| chondroma | hard, dense, very strong tissue that forms outer layer of bone
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| spongy bone | lighter that compact bone/red marrow located here
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| medularry cavity | central shaft of a bone that holds yeallow marrow (fat)
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| meniscus | curved fibrous cartilage that cushions the knee joints and the TMJ
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| orthopedic appliances such as a brace, splint that correct deformaties
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| exostosis | benign growth on the surface of a bone
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| oateoarthritis | AKA wear and tear arthritis; inflammation of a joint; common in older population
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| gout | type of arthritis caused by formation of uric acid crystals in the joint
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| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder; usually more severe that osteoarthritis; synovial membranes are inflammed and become painful and immobile
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| ankylosing spondilitis | progressive stiffening of the spine caused by fusion of the vertebrae
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| lumbago | pain in the lumbar spine
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| spondylitis | inflammation of the vertebrae
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| spondylosis | any degenerative disease of the vertebrae
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| spina bifida | congenital defect; occurs early pregnancy; spinal canal fails to close and cover the spinal cord
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| kyphosis | abn. increase in the outward curve of the thoracic spine; AKA "humpback" or "dowager's hump"
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| lordosis | abn. increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine/ AKA "swayback"
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| ostealgia | bone pain
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| osteitis | inflammation of bone
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| osteomyelitis | imflammation of bone and bone marrow
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| rickets | deformity caused by deficient calcium and vitamin D in early childhood; results in demineralized bones
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| talipes | congenital deformity in which the foot may be turned inward or outward/ AKA 'clubfoot'
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| Ewing's sarcoma | malignant tumor of connective tissue usually occuring in children or adolescents
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| myeloma | malignant tumor of the blood forming tissue of the bone marrow
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| osteoporosis | marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity frequentlly associated with aging
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| compression fractue | occur when one or more vertibrae become so weak they collapse spontaneously or with minimal stress/cause of dowager's hump
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| Colle's fracture | AKA fractured wrist; fracture of lower end of radius from attempting to break a fall
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| osteoporotic hip fracture | broken hip due to weakened bone from osteoporosis/can be from stress or spontaneous
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| fracture | a broken bone
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| greenstick fracture | common in children whose bones are more flexible/bone has been bent and is not broken all the way through
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| compound fracture | severe fracture with broken bone end protruding through the skin
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| comminuted fracture | sone is broken and has splintered or crushed bone splinters
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| compression fracture | bone has pressed together onto itself
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| stress fracture | small crack in bone that developes from chronic, excessive impact
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| crepitus | crackling sensation felt and heard when ends of broken bone move together
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| arthrocentesis | surgical puncture into a joint space for the purpose of removing accumulated synovial fluid for diagnostic analysis
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| arthroscopy | visual exam of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope
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| bone density test | diagnostic test that measure density of bone/helps diagnose osteoporosis, osteomalacia
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| bone marrow biopsy | diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal/ performed by inserting a large needle into the sternum or ilium to remove bone marrow cells
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| bone scan | radiographic test that uses nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer, osteomyelitis, or stress fracture
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| radiographs | AKA plain film xrays/ used to visualize fractured bones
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| NSAIDS | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/given to reduce pain and swelling & inflammation/ aspirin & ibuprophen are NSAIDs
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| acetaminophen | AKA Tylenol/ OTC drug used to treat pain/ does not have th ability to reduce swelling or inflammation
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| bone marrow transplant | AKA stem cell transplant/ used for treatment of cancers that affect bone marrow i.e. leukemias & lymphomas/pts bone marrow is destroyed then replaced with that of a donor
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| autologous transplant | patients own marrow is harvested and used for the transplant
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| allogenic transplant | BMT from a donor who has
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