Dooley's Med Term Chapter 3
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hematopoietic | pertaining to the formation of blood cells
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cartilage | shock absorber between bones/more elastic than bone
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meniscus | curved cartilage found in some joints
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diaphysis | shaft of a long bone
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epiphysis | wide end of a bone
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foramen | opening in bone through which vessels, nerves, ligaments pass
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process | normal projection on the surface of a bone
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articulation | joint
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joint | connection between bones
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articulate | join or come together in a manner that allows motion between parts
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suture | jagged line where bones join & form a joint that does not move
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fontanel | where sutures in skull do not close in babies
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symphysis | type of joint where two bones join and are held in place by cartilage
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synovial joint | moveable joint
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ball & socket | type of joint found at the hip, shoulder
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hinge joint | type of joint found at the elbow
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ligaments | join bone to bone
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tendons | join muscle to bone
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synovial fluid | type of fluid that lubricates the joints
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bursa | fibrous sac that lines the joints that acts as a cushion
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axila skeleton | protects majour organs of the body
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appendicular skeleton | made up of upper and lower extremities
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extremities | shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, feet
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cranium | skull/encloses the brain
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auditory | pertaining to hearing
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auditory ossicles | tiny bones of the middle ear
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thoracic | pertains to the chest
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costals | ribs
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mandible | bone of the lower jaw
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maxilla | bone of the upper jaw
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sternum | breast bone
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clavicle | collar bone
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scapula | shoulder blade
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olecranon process | large projection at the elbow/funny bone
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coccyx | tailbone
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femur | thigh bone
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patella | kneecap
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tibia | skinbone
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phalanges | fingers and toes
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malleolus | anklebone
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arthr/o | pertaining to a joint
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arthralgia | joint pain
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bursa | fibrous sac that cushions a joint
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bursitis | inflammation of the fibrous sac that cushion a joint
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chondr/o | joint
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chondroma | tumor of cartilage
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chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage
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hallux valus | bunion/abnormal enlargement of the joint at the great toe
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synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane
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luxation | dislocation
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arthr/o | refers to a joint
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bone | form of connective tissue/one of hardest tissue within the body
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myel/o | bone marrow/spinal cord
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marrow | manufactures red blood cells/located in central portion of bone
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periosteum | tough, fibrous covering of the bone
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compact bone | hard, dense, very strong tissue that forms outer layer of bone
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spongy bone | lighter that compact bone/red marrow located here
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medularry cavity | central shaft of a bone that holds yellow marrow (fat)
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meniscus | curved fibrous cartilage that cushions the knee joints and the TMJ
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orthotics | orthopedic appliances that are designed to to improve the function of movable parts/ex: splints, braces
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osteopathy | any bone disease
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ankylosis | form of connective tissue/one of hardest tissue within the body
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myel/o | bone marrow/spinal cord
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marrow | stiffness in a joint esp. in elderly/abnormal hardening of a joint
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periosteum | tough, fibrous covering of the bone
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chondroma | hard, dense, very strong tissue that forms outer layer of bone
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spongy bone | lighter that compact bone/red marrow located here
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medularry cavity | central shaft of a bone that holds yeallow marrow (fat)
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meniscus | curved fibrous cartilage that cushions the knee joints and the TMJ
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orthopedic appliances such as a brace, splint that correct deformaties
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exostosis | benign growth on the surface of a bone
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oateoarthritis | AKA wear and tear arthritis; inflammation of a joint; common in older population
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gout | type of arthritis caused by formation of uric acid crystals in the joint
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rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder; usually more severe that osteoarthritis; synovial membranes are inflammed and become painful and immobile
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ankylosing spondilitis | progressive stiffening of the spine caused by fusion of the vertebrae
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lumbago | pain in the lumbar spine
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spondylitis | inflammation of the vertebrae
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spondylosis | any degenerative disease of the vertebrae
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spina bifida | congenital defect; occurs early pregnancy; spinal canal fails to close and cover the spinal cord
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kyphosis | abn. increase in the outward curve of the thoracic spine; AKA "humpback" or "dowager's hump"
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lordosis | abn. increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine/ AKA "swayback"
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scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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ostealgia | bone pain
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osteitis | inflammation of bone
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osteomyelitis | imflammation of bone and bone marrow
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rickets | deformity caused by deficient calcium and vitamin D in early childhood; results in demineralized bones
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talipes | congenital deformity in which the foot may be turned inward or outward/ AKA 'clubfoot'
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Ewing's sarcoma | malignant tumor of connective tissue usually occuring in children or adolescents
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myeloma | malignant tumor of the blood forming tissue of the bone marrow
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osteoporosis | marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity frequentlly associated with aging
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compression fractue | occur when one or more vertibrae become so weak they collapse spontaneously or with minimal stress/cause of dowager's hump
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Colle's fracture | AKA fractured wrist; fracture of lower end of radius from attempting to break a fall
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osteoporotic hip fracture | broken hip due to weakened bone from osteoporosis/can be from stress or spontaneous
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fracture | a broken bone
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greenstick fracture | common in children whose bones are more flexible/bone has been bent and is not broken all the way through
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compound fracture | severe fracture with broken bone end protruding through the skin
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comminuted fracture | sone is broken and has splintered or crushed bone splinters
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compression fracture | bone has pressed together onto itself
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stress fracture | small crack in bone that developes from chronic, excessive impact
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crepitus | crackling sensation felt and heard when ends of broken bone move together
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arthrocentesis | surgical puncture into a joint space for the purpose of removing accumulated synovial fluid for diagnostic analysis
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arthroscopy | visual exam of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope
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bone density test | diagnostic test that measure density of bone/helps diagnose osteoporosis, osteomalacia
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bone marrow biopsy | diagnostic test to determine why blood cells are abnormal/ performed by inserting a large needle into the sternum or ilium to remove bone marrow cells
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bone scan | radiographic test that uses nuclear medicine to detect bone cancer, osteomyelitis, or stress fracture
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radiographs | AKA plain film xrays/ used to visualize fractured bones
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NSAIDS | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/given to reduce pain and swelling & inflammation/ aspirin & ibuprophen are NSAIDs
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acetaminophen | AKA Tylenol/ OTC drug used to treat pain/ does not have th ability to reduce swelling or inflammation
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bone marrow transplant | AKA stem cell transplant/ used for treatment of cancers that affect bone marrow i.e. leukemias & lymphomas/pts bone marrow is destroyed then replaced with that of a donor
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autologous transplant | patients own marrow is harvested and used for the transplant
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allogenic transplant | BMT from a donor who has
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