Blood Vessel Review
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What are the 3 layers of blood vessel walls? | Tunica Intima; Tunica Media, Tunic Externa
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| Tunica Intima | inner layer
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| Tunica Media | smooth muscle layer (responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation)
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| Tunica Externa | outer layer
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| Basic features of arteries | carry oxygenated blood away from heart (except PA); thicker smooth muscle layer than veins; more elastic than veins; smaller lumen than veins
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| Basic features of arterioles | Deliver blood to capillaries; greater influence n BP than arteries;
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| Basic Features of capillaries | Microscopic, Exchange of gases, nutrients + wastes
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| What are the different types of capillaries | Continuous; Fenestrated; Discontinuous
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| Continuous capillaries |
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| Fenestrated capillaries |
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| Discontinuous capillaries |
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| Basic Features of venules |
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| Basic features of veins | Carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart (Except PVs)
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| Basic features of venules | formed by several capillaries
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| What is a portal vein? | vein that carries blood from one venous system to another venous system
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| Which blood vessels have the most influence on BP? | Arterioles
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| What is capillary filtration | the movement of water and solutes into interstitial fluid at the arterioler end of capillary
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| What is hydrostatic pressure? | BP inside capillary, caused by LV contraction
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| What is blood colloid osmotic pressure? | pressure of fluid due to its concentration of solutes/ proteins
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| How does filtration occur? | when hydrostatic pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, water moves into the blood
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| What is capillary reabsorption? | water moves back into the venule end of the capillary
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| How does capillary reabsorption occur? | because osmotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure (BP is lower than osmotic pressure) (osmosis and diffusion)
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| What is edema? | excess fluid in the interstitial fluid
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| How does edema occur? | from too much capillary filtration and not enough reabsorption (fluid stays in tissue spaces)
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| What are the factors influencing venous return? | left ventricular systole (BP); skeletal muscle pump (muscle compression of veins); respiratory pump
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| What is blood pressure? | Pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels
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| How is blood pressure created? | left ventricular systole
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| What happens to BP as blood move through the circulatory system? | decreases: aorta 100-120mmHg; Arterioles 60-70; capillaries 35-15mmHg; venules 15mmHg; veins 5-6mmHg; vena cava 0
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| Pulse Pressure | Difference between systolic and diastolic BP 130/60 =70
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| MABP (mean arterial blood pressure) | pressure that's averaged over an entire cardiac cycle- represents the pressure that pushes blood through the entire system
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| What are factors that affect BP? | resistance; viscosity; turbulence
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| Why does capillary filtration happen? | because capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP) is higher than the blood colloid osmotic pressure
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| capillary hydrostatic pressure is | Blood pressure
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| Which plasma protein are we concerned about? | albumin
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| What happens on inhalation | diaphragm moves down, abdominal veins compressed; blood gets pushed up towards RA
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| What happens on exhalation | diaphragm moves up; compression on abdominal veins decreases; blood gets pulled up from legs; veins help to prevent backflow
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| Normal MABP | 70-110mmHg
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| What is the number that indicates inadequate perfusion? | 60 or less mmHg
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| resistance | the more length there is the more resistance; the smaller the diameter the more resistance you have
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| viscosity | increased viscosity = increased resistance
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| turbulence is: | a disruption in flow; increases resistance
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