Respiratory System Histology -Nasal Cavity
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| The nose is made up of: | 2 cavities
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| Between the 2 cavities is: | A nasal septum
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| Each cavity has: | Lateral, medial walls
A roof and floor
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| The anterior opening of the nose: | Anterior naris
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| The posterior opening of the nose: | Posterior naris
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| The anterior naris is the: | Vestibule
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| The posterior naris is the: | Choana
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| The most anterior and dilated portion of the nasal cavity is: | The vestibule
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| The vestibule is lined by: | Skin
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| The vestibule contains: | Sebaceous and sweat glands
Vibrissae
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| What are vibrissae? | Thick, short hairs
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| What is the function of the vibrissae? | To trap and filter out large particles from the inspired air
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| What is the Choana? | The opening between the nose and the nasopharynx
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| What do we have on the lateral wall of the Choana? | The opening of the Eustachian tube
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| What is the function of the Eustachian tube? | Passage of air to the middle ear to equalize the pressure around the tympanic membrane (ear drum)
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| What do we have after the vestibule? | The antrum or atrium
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| What do we have on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? | Three conchae and three hiatuses
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| What is the purpose of conchae? | They increase the surface area of the lateral wall of the nose to maximize the function of the nasal cavity
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| The conchae are | Rich in blood vessels to warm the incoming air
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| What structures make up the roof of the nasal cavity? | 1) The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
2) The olfactory region made up of bipolar cells
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| What makes up the floor of the nasal cavity? | The Hard palate
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| The anterior part of the nose is formed by: | Cartilage
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| The base of the nose is formed by: | The Nasal, frontal, and maxillary bones
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| What type of epithelium is present on the nasal vestibule? | Keratinized stratified squamous
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| Within the vestibule, what changes to the epithelium occur? | The epithelium loses its keratinized nature and transitions into typical respiratory epithelium before entering the nasal fossae
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| The respiratory region of the nasal cavity is composed of: | 3 conchae and three hiatuses
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| What is the epithelium of the respiratory region? | Pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells
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| The submucosa is rich in: | Blood vessels, especially venous blood
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| What is the purpose of the submucosa? | To warm and moisturize the air
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| The Olfactory region has what types of cells? | 1) Olfactory epithelium
2) Corium (Lamina propria)
3) Bowman's glands
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| What type of epithelium is the olfactory epithelium? | Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar
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| Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is composed of 3 cells: | 1) Supporting (Substenacular) columnar cells
2) The Basal cells
3) Olfactory cells
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| What are olfactory cells? | Bipolar neurons responsible for smell sensation
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| Why are they called olfactory cells? | Afferent axons of these cells synapse with the olfactory nerve
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| What rises from the apexes of the olfactory cells? | Non motile cilia (dendrites)
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| Describe the basal cells | They are characterized by mitosis and are responsible for replacing other cells.
They are spherical and cone shaped
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| Describe the supporting (sustenacular cells) | They function as metabolic and physical support for the olfactory cells
Their nuclei are more apically located than those of the olfactory cells
They contain yellow pigment
They have microvilli
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| Where are the Bowman's glands? | In the lamina propria
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| What is the function of the Bowman's glands? | They function to trap and dissolve different substances for the bipolar neurons
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| What are the nasal sinuses? | Air filled spaces present in some of the skull bones
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| Nasal sinuses are lined by: | Respiratory mucosa
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| The function of paranasal sinuses: | 1) Resonance of the voice
2) Protection
3) Reduce the weight in the skull
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| How many sinuses do we have? | 2 frontal sinuses
2 sphenoidal sinuses
2 maxillary sinuses
6 ethmoidal sinuses
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| All of the sinuses open into: | The lateral wall of the nose
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| All of the sinuses have good draining except for the: | Maxillary sinus which drains above the middle meatus
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| The paranasal sinuses contains only a few: | Goblet cells
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| General description of the bronchioles: | Rich in smooth muscles, absent goblet cells and glands
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| What is the anatomical position of the trachea? | It lies below the larynx
It starts from the 6th cervical vertebrae
Ends at the 4th thoracic vertebrae (bifurcation) -at the level of the sternal angle
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| The trachea is divided into: | Right main bronchus and left bronchus
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| The fibroelastic ligament of the trachea prevents: | Over distention of the lumen
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| The trachealis muscle allows: | Bolus to pass through the esophagus without obstruction
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| Which of the following are involved in the cough reflex? | Contraction of the trachealis muscle
Resultant narrowing of the tracheal lumen
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| The most important function of the mucus in the trachea is: | To trap the dust and foreign particles
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| The lamina propria of the trachea: | Rich in elastic fibers
Contains an abundance of mucous and serous glands
Respiratory epithelium with fewer goblet cells
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