Russian Revolution Vocabulary
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| Bloody Sunday | massacre when the czar’s palace guards opened fire on several hundred unarmed workers.
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| Glasnost | a policy marked by Gorbachev, known as openness, which consisted of democratic change in Russia.
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| Cheka | Lenin’s secret police.
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| Duma | the name of Russia’s first parliament established in 1905.
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| Great Purge | a campaign of terror launched by Stalin in 1934.
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| Mensheviks | the majority faction of Petrograd Soviets.
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| Bolsheviks | a Marxist group who supported a small number of revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for radical change.
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| CIS | The Commonwealth of Independent States or a loose federation of the former Soviet territory.
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| Peter the Great | (1696) First absolute ruler of modern Russia who westernized Russia.
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| Soviets | local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers.
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| Communism | Political ideology based on the ideas of Marx and Lenin.
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| Politburo | was the ruling committee of the Communist party.
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| Boris Yeltsin | became Russian Republic’s first directly elected president.
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| The Red Guard | the Military Revolutionary committee (Bolshevik Militia) run by Leon Trotsky.
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| Alexander Kerensky | Russian lawyer, minister of justice, minister of defense, and eventually prime minister who kept Russia in the war.
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| Collective Farms | large government owned farms where they forced people to live.
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| Provisional Government | a temporary government in response to the disintegration of the czar’s government.
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| Ivan the Terrible | ruled Russia in 1533 and was the first ruler to receive the title czar.
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| Czar/Tsar | Russian word meaning “Caesar”
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| Joseph Stalin | was the 2nd leader of Russia and the Communist party by 1929.
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| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | signed March 3, 1918 by the Bolsheviks and Germans by which Russia lost 1/3 of its population and ¼ of its territory.
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| Mikal Gorbechev | was a liberal Russian who was the youngest leader ever at age 54.
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| Whites | army composed of Lenin’s opposition.
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| Reds | Bolshevik army.
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| Totalitarianism | a government that took absolute control of the public’s private lives.
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| Kulaks | is a class of wealthy peasants.
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| Ethnic Cleansing | is the act of trying to rid a certain race out of a country.
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| Westernization | is the use of Western Europe as a model for change.
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| Rasputin | a man claiming to have healing powers and manipulated the Czarina Alexandra.
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| Trotsky | military leader of the Red Army.
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| Stolypin | Russian Prime Minister who made positive lasting reforms.
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| 1905 Revolution | destructive series of riots and revolts throughout Russia following Bloody Sunday.
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| Boyars | nobles who own land in Russia.
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| Nicholas II | the last czar of Russia.
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| Pogroms | organized violence against the Jews supported by the Russian government.
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| Vladimir Lenin | the leader of the Bolsheviks and the first communist leader of the USSR.
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| Catherine the Great | German became empress when her husband (a Romanov) was dethroned and assassinated.
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