CVTECH ANAT 1
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| the study of body structure | Anatomy
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| the study of how the body functions | Physiology
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| the study of disease | Pathology
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| What are known as the basic units of life? | Cells
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| the skin with its associated structures | Integumentary system
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| the basic framework of the body including the 206 bones and the joints between them, collectively known as the skeleton | Skeletal system
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| produces movement, give the body structure, protect organs, and maintain posture. | Muscular system
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| made up of the brain and spinal cord which control and coordinate the body | Nervous system
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| Endocrine system | produce hormones that regulate such body activities as growth, food utilization within the cells, and reproduction.
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| Cardiovascular system | made up of the heart and blood vessels which pumps blood to all the body tissues, bringing with it nutrients, oxygen, and other needed substances.
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| Lymphatic system | assist in circulation by bringing fluids from the tissues back to the blood. Organs of the lymphatic system, such as the tonsils, thymus gland, and the spleen, play a role in immunity, protecting against disease.
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| Respiratory system | made up of the lungs and the passages leading to and from the lungs. The purpose of this system is to take in air and conduct it to the areas designed for gas exchange.
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| Digestive system | comprised of all the organs that are involved with taking in nutrients, converting them into a form that body cells can use, and absorbing these nutrients into the circulation.
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| Urinary system | rids the body of waste products and excess water.
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| Reproductive system | includes the external sex organs and all related internal structures that are concerned with the production of offspring.
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| All the life-sustaining reactions that go on within the body systems together make up | metabolism.
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| Catabolism | complex substances are broken down into simpler compounds
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| Anabolism | building phase of metabolism
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| What is the “energy currency” of the cell? | ATP
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| Define homeostasis | The steady state within the organism
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| Extracellular fluids | all body fluids outside the cells
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| Intracellular fluid | contained within the cells
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| Blood | examples of extracellular fluid
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| Lymph | examples of extracellular fluid
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| fluid between cells in tissues | examples of extracellular fluid
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| Negative feedback | reverses any downward or upward shift
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| Positive feedback | a given action promotes more of the same
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| anatomical position | Standing upright with face front, arms at the sides with palms forward, and feet parallel
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| Superior | above
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| Inferior | below
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| Ventral/anterior | located toward the belly surface or front of the body
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| Dorsal/posterior | refer to locations nearer the back
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| Cranial | nearer to the head
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| Caudal | nearer the sacral region
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| Medial | nearer to the midline
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| Lateral | farther away from the midline
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| Proximal | nearer the origin of a structure
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| Distal | farther from the origin of a structure
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| Frontal (coronal) plane | divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
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| Sagittal plane | divides the body into left and right sections
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| Transverse (horizontal) plane | divides the body into superior and inferior sections
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| Dorsal Body Cavity | cranial and spinal cavity
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| Spinal Cavity | contains the spinal cord
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| Ventral Body Cavity | thoracic and abdominpelvic cavity
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| Thoracic Cavity | contains the heart, lungs, mediastinum and large blood vessels that join the heart.
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| Abdominal Cavity | contains the stomach, most of the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas and the spleen
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| Pelvic Cavity | contains the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the internal parts of the reproductive system
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| Diaphragm | muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
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| Three central regions of the abdomen from superior to inferior | Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric
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| Regions of the abdomen on the right and left from superior to inferior | Hypochondriac, Lumbar, Iliac (inguinal)
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| Quadrants of the abdomen | Right Upper Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant
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| The metric system is based on multiples of | 10
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| Kilo | 1000
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| Centi | 1/100
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| Milli | 1/1000
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| Micro | 1/1,000,000
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| Length | meter
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| Weight | gram
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| Volume | liter
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| What temperature scale is used for scientific measurement | Celsius temperature scale
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