Pronunciation of Terms
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| Abdomen | Area of the body between the body between the chest and pelvis region.
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| Abdominal cavity | Area of the body between the chest and pelvis (hip region).
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| Adipose | Pertaining to fat.
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| Anabolism | Process of building up or synthesizing substances (such as proteins) in a cell.
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| Anterior | Pertaining to the front of a structure.
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| Cartilage | Elastic, connective tissue found at joints, within the trachea and larynx, and connected to ribs, nose, and ear.
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| Catabolism | Cellular process of breaking down of a complex substance into simple compounds. Energy is released to do the work of the cell.
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| Caudad | Toward the tail or end of the body.
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| Caudal | Pertaining to the tail, or to the lower portion of the body; also means away from the head or below another structure.
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| Cell membrane | Thin and delicate structure surrounding a cell; allows materials to pass in and out.
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| Cephalad | Toward the head, or the upper portion of the body or a structure.
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| Cephalic | Pertaining to the head; also means above another structure.
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| Cervical | Pertaining to the neck of the body or lower neck-line portion of the uterus.
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| Chondroma | Tumor (benign) of cartilage.
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| Chondrosarcoma | Malignant, cancerous tumor of cartilage.
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| Chromosome | Threadlike structure within the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA).
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| Coccygeal | Pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx.
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| Coccyx | Tailbone at the end of the spinal or vetebral column.
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| Cranial cavity | Pertaining to the space within the skull containing the brain and pituitary gland.
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| Craniotomy | Incision of the skull.
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| Cytoplasm | All of the substance of a cell other than the nucleus.
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| Deep | Away from the surface of the body or an organ.
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| Diaphragm | Muscular wall separating the chest and abdomen.
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| Disk (disc) | Circular platelike structure composed of cartilage.
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| Distal | Pertaining to far from the beginning of a structure.
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| Dorsal | Pertaining to the back, or posterior portion of the body.
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell.
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| Epigastric region | The upper middle region of the abdomen, between the right and left hypochondriac regions.
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| Epithelial cells | Cells arranged in layers and covering or lining a surface of the body.
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| Frontal plane | A vertical plane passing through the body and dividing it into the front and back portions; coronal plane.
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| Genes | Segments of DNA that determine hereditary characteristics.
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| Histology | Study of tissues.
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| Hypochondriac region | An upper abdominal area on either side of the epigastric (middle) region beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs.
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| Hypogastric | Lower middle region of the abdomen.
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| Iliac | Pertaining to the ilium, which is the right or left upper most portion of the hipbone.
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| Inguinal region | Lowermost region of the abdomen on either side of the hypogastric region.
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| Intervertebral | Pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones).
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| Karyotype | Classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell determined by a photograph taken during cell division.
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| Larynx | The voice box.
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| Lateral | Pertaining to the side.
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| Lumbar region | One of two middle lateral regions on either side of the umbilical region (near the naval).
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| Lumbosacral | Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back.
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| Medial | Pertaining to the middle or midline of the body.
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| Mediastinum | Part of the thoracic (chest) cavity between the lungs.
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| Metabolism | Chemical processes that occur in cells; including catabolism (breaking down process) and anabolism (building up process).
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| Mitochondria | Rod-like, threadlike or granular structures in a cell; site of catabolism and release of energy.
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| Nucleic | Pertaining to the nucleus.
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| Nucleus | Central, controlling structure in a cell; contains chromosomes with DNA (genetic material).
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| Pelvic cavity | Pertaining to the space surrounded by the bone of the hip region.
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| Peritoneum | Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.
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| Pharynx | The throat.
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| Pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain; secretes many hormones that control growth and organs including the thyroid, adrenal and sex glands (ovaries and testes).
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| Pleura | A delicate membrane surrounding each lung and divided into two layers.
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| Pleural cavity | Space between the layers of the pleura in the chest.
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| Posterior | Pertaining to the back or dorsal side of the body or structure.
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| Prone | Lying in a horizontal position with face downward.
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| Proximal | Pertaining to a location near the point of attachment or beginning of an organ.
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| Sacral | Pertaining to the sacrum.
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| Sacrum | Large, triangular bone is at the dorsal part the pelvis, wedged between the two ilia or hipbones.
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| Sagittal plane | Vertical plane that divides the body into a right and left portion.
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| Sarcoma | Tumor of flesh tissue such as bone, fat, muscle or cartilage.
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| Spinal cavity | Space surrounded by the backbones or spine.
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| Spinal cord | The nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.
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| Spinal column | Series of backbones (vertebrae) located on the posterior side of the body.
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| Superficial | Pertaining to or the surface of the body.
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| Supine | Lying horizontally on the back with face upward.
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| Thoracic cavity | The space in the chest surrounded by the ribs, spinal column, breastbone, diaphragm, and chest wall muscles.
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| Thoracotomy | Incision of the chest.
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| Thyroid gland | Endocrine gland in the neck; secretes the hormone thyroxine (Ty).
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| Trachea | Windpipe; tube leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes.
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| Tracheal | Pertaining to the trachea.
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| Transverse plane | Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
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| Umbilical region | Region in the area of the navel or umbilicus.
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| Ureter | One of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
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| Urethra | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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| Uterus | Muscular organ in a female that nourishes the developing embryo during pregnancy; womb.
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| Ventral | Pertaining to the front or anterior of the body.
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| Vertebra | Backbone.
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| Vertebrae | Two or more backbones.
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| Vertebral | Pertaining to backbones.
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| Viscera | Internal organs.
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| Visceral | Pertaining to internal organs.
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