Pharmacology Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| define drug | chemical substance that affect the mind and body, used in diagnosis and treatment and prevention of diease, illegal substance
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| differentiate between prescription repeats and prescription renewals | repeats- a continuation of long-term medications renewals-extensions of prescriptions that have run out
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| describe sustained release | cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication
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| what can drugs be classified by | function, effects, body system
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| name and describe the different effects of drugs | therapeutic action- the purpose for giving the drug/side effects, adverse effects- every drug has potential side effects, allergies- a serious reaction to a drug
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| name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action | local- when the drug affects the site of application, only systemic- circulate in the blood stream, cumulative- accumulates faster then it can be metabolized
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| name and describe the classifications of drugs by use | therapeutic- taken to relieve symptoms, diagnostic- used to preform diagnostic test, enema curative- taken to "replace" a hormone, prophylactic- given to prevent a condition or decrease the severity of a condition
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| what are the four names that can be given to a single drug | chemical, generic, trade, botanical
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| what are the two methods of dispensing drugs | prescription, over the counter
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| what is enteric-coated | allows pills to bypass the stomach
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| what is a pharmacist | a health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs
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| what is pharmacology | the study and description of drugs, their composition, actions, and effects chemicals have on living things. a biological science
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| what is pharmacy | a licensed business involved in dispensing drugs
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| when are drug errors more likely made | when taken over phone transcription
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| synergism | a combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone
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| inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth
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| antidote | agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
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| stimulant | agent that excites and promotes activity
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| antihypertensive | agent that lowers blood pressure
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| hypnotic | agent that produces sleep
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| iatrogeneric | an effect that is produced an an individual sensitivity to a drug
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| side effect | an effect that routinely results from the use of a drug
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| parenteral | by injection or intravenous
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| antibiotic | chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms
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| systemic | circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body
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| brand name | commercial name for a drug; trade name
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| tolerance | drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect
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| antihistamine | drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relives allergy symptoms
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| antidepressants | drug that is used to relieve symptoms of depression
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| anticonvulsant | drug that prevents convulsions
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| emetic | drug that promotes vomitting
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| antidirrheal | drug used to prevent dirrhea
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| antiarrhythmic | drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle
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| antacid | drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach
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| anesthetic | Drug which reduces or eliminates sensation
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| analgesic | Drug which relieves pain
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| topical | Drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes
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| controlled drugs | Drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused
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| oral | Drugs given by mouth
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| sublingual | Drugs given under the tongue
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| rectal | Drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum
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| contraindications | Factors in a patient’s condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment
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| narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain
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| toxicity | Harmful effects of a drug
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| anaphylaxis | Hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism
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| syringe | Instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body
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| sedative | Mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep
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| transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells
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| fixed oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate
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| volatile oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that evaporate
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| aerosols | Particles of medication suspended in air
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| ophthalmic | Relating to the eye
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| vitamin | Substances found in foods which are essential for life
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| receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
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| cumulative action | The concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses
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| absorption | The process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use
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| distribution | The process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body
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| metabolism | The process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body
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| half-life | The time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested
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| additive action | The total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each
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| otic | Via the ear
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| 1/12 | 1 month
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| 1/52 | 1 week
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| ac, a.c. | before meals
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| ASAP | as soon as possible
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| bid, b.i.d. | twice a day
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| cap | capsule
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| CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties
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| gtt, gtt(s) | drop, drops
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| i, ii | one, two
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| mg | milligram
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| mL, ml | millilitre
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| npo, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth
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| ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit
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| OTC | over-the-counter
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| ou | both eyes
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| p.c.,pc | after meals
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| p.o. | by mouth
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| prn | as needed
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| q.a.m. | every day before noon/ “morning”
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| Q.D., q.d. | every day
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| q.o.d. | every other day
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| q.p.m. | every day after noon (every night)
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| q_h | every 1,2,3... hours
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| q.h. | every hour
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| qid,q.i.d. | four times a day
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| Rx | prescription
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| s.c., SC, SQ, subc, subq, subcut, | subcutaneous
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| SL, sl | sublingual
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| stat , STAT | immediately
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| ss | one half
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| t.i.d., tid | three times a day
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| tab | tablet
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| Tx | treatment
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| ung | ointment
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| x 3 days | times three days
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