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ORANGE MOD
Pharmacology Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define drug | chemical substance that affect the mind and body, used in diagnosis and treatment and prevention of diease, illegal substance |
| differentiate between prescription repeats and prescription renewals | repeats- a continuation of long-term medications renewals-extensions of prescriptions that have run out |
| describe sustained release | cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication |
| what can drugs be classified by | function, effects, body system |
| name and describe the different effects of drugs | therapeutic action- the purpose for giving the drug/side effects, adverse effects- every drug has potential side effects, allergies- a serious reaction to a drug |
| name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action | local- when the drug affects the site of application, only systemic- circulate in the blood stream, cumulative- accumulates faster then it can be metabolized |
| name and describe the classifications of drugs by use | therapeutic- taken to relieve symptoms, diagnostic- used to preform diagnostic test, enema curative- taken to "replace" a hormone, prophylactic- given to prevent a condition or decrease the severity of a condition |
| what are the four names that can be given to a single drug | chemical, generic, trade, botanical |
| what are the two methods of dispensing drugs | prescription, over the counter |
| what is enteric-coated | allows pills to bypass the stomach |
| what is a pharmacist | a health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs |
| what is pharmacology | the study and description of drugs, their composition, actions, and effects chemicals have on living things. a biological science |
| what is pharmacy | a licensed business involved in dispensing drugs |
| when are drug errors more likely made | when taken over phone transcription |
| synergism | a combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone |
| inhalation | administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth |
| antidote | agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug |
| stimulant | agent that excites and promotes activity |
| antihypertensive | agent that lowers blood pressure |
| hypnotic | agent that produces sleep |
| iatrogeneric | an effect that is produced an an individual sensitivity to a drug |
| side effect | an effect that routinely results from the use of a drug |
| parenteral | by injection or intravenous |
| antibiotic | chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms |
| systemic | circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body |
| brand name | commercial name for a drug; trade name |
| tolerance | drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect |
| antihistamine | drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relives allergy symptoms |
| antidepressants | drug that is used to relieve symptoms of depression |
| anticonvulsant | drug that prevents convulsions |
| emetic | drug that promotes vomitting |
| antidirrheal | drug used to prevent dirrhea |
| antiarrhythmic | drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle |
| antacid | drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach |
| anesthetic | Drug which reduces or eliminates sensation |
| analgesic | Drug which relieves pain |
| topical | Drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes |
| controlled drugs | Drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused |
| oral | Drugs given by mouth |
| sublingual | Drugs given under the tongue |
| rectal | Drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum |
| contraindications | Factors in a patient’s condition that prevents the use of a drug treatment |
| narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain |
| toxicity | Harmful effects of a drug |
| anaphylaxis | Hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism |
| syringe | Instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body |
| sedative | Mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep |
| transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells |
| fixed oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate |
| volatile oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that evaporate |
| aerosols | Particles of medication suspended in air |
| ophthalmic | Relating to the eye |
| vitamin | Substances found in foods which are essential for life |
| receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body |
| cumulative action | The concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses |
| absorption | The process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down, and transformed into a form that the body can use |
| distribution | The process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body |
| metabolism | The process of breaking down a drug or other substance into metabolites used by the body |
| half-life | The time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested |
| additive action | The total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each |
| otic | Via the ear |
| 1/12 | 1 month |
| 1/52 | 1 week |
| ac, a.c. | before meals |
| ASAP | as soon as possible |
| bid, b.i.d. | twice a day |
| cap | capsule |
| CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties |
| gtt, gtt(s) | drop, drops |
| i, ii | one, two |
| mg | milligram |
| mL, ml | millilitre |
| npo, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth |
| ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit |
| OTC | over-the-counter |
| ou | both eyes |
| p.c.,pc | after meals |
| p.o. | by mouth |
| prn | as needed |
| q.a.m. | every day before noon/ “morning” |
| Q.D., q.d. | every day |
| q.o.d. | every other day |
| q.p.m. | every day after noon (every night) |
| q_h | every 1,2,3... hours |
| q.h. | every hour |
| qid,q.i.d. | four times a day |
| Rx | prescription |
| s.c., SC, SQ, subc, subq, subcut, | subcutaneous |
| SL, sl | sublingual |
| stat , STAT | immediately |
| ss | one half |
| t.i.d., tid | three times a day |
| tab | tablet |
| Tx | treatment |
| ung | ointment |
| x 3 days | times three days |
Created by:
lexieeesmith
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