gastrointestinal review
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| what are rugae? | folds in the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes
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| what are the accessory organs of the GI system? | liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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| what are the four divisions of the colon? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
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| what are the functions of the liver? | produces bile, removes glucose (sugar) from the blood, stores vitamins B12, A, D, E and K, destroys or transforms toxic products
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| what are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum
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| what are the three main parts of the stomach? | fundus, body, pylorus
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| what are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | hard palate, soft palate
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| what is the medical term for mouth? | oral cavity
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| what is another name for the GI tract? | alimentary canal
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| what are villi? | microscopic finger-like projections
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| what does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynx to the anus (the entire GI tract)
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| what is digestion completed? | small intestine
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| what is a volvulus? | a life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself
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| what are hemorrhoids? | enlarged veins in the mucuosa membrane of the anal canal
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| what causes hepatitis A? | ingestion of contaminated food, water, or milk
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| what is diverticulosis? | small blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine
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| what is ulcerative colitis? | chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum
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| where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach, duodenum
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| what do inguinal hernias develop? | in the groin where the abdominal folds of the flesh meet the thighs
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| what large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | ulcerative colitis
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| ulcer | a lesion of the skin or mucous or membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach
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| occult blood | a test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it
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| deglutition | act of swallowing
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| gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine
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| pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion
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| reguruitation | backward flowing, as in the rectum of solids of fluids to the mouth from the stomach
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| mastication | chewing
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| fecalith | fecal concretion
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| cecum | first 2-3" of the large intestine
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| ascending colon | first portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver
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| cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones
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| flatus | gas in the GI tract
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| ulterative colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of a sec-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine
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| stomatits | inflammation of the mouth of the stomach
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| anorexia | lack of loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
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| rectum | last portion of the GI tract
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| ileum | lower division of the small intestine
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| serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
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| halitosis | offensive, or bad breath
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| proctologist | one who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus
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| melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
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| stratorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces
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| celiac | pertaining to the abdomen
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| buccal | pertaining to the cheek
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| lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone
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| erucation | producing gas from the stomach
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| perstalsis | progressive, wavelike movement
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| lower gastrointestinal series UGIS | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
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| lower gastrointestinal series BE | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon
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| cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder
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| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are aurible at a distance
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| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver
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| jejunum | second division of the small intestine
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| transverse colon | second portion of the colon that passes horizontally acrpss the abdomen toward the spleen
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| obstipation | severe constipation
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| pyloric stenosis | structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
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| enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine thorough the abdomen wall
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| ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall
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| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
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| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip
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| aerophagia | swallowing air
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| liver | the largest glandular organ
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| diarrhea | the passage of unformed watery bowel movements
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| ingest | to eat
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| hematesis | vomiting of blood
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| malabsorption | when nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues
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| oral leukoplakia | white patches that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek
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| Ba | barium
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| BE | barium enema
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| BM | bowel movement
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| BMI | body mass index
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| CT | computed tomography
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| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| GB | gallbladder
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| GERD |
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| HBV | hepatitis B virus
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| LFT | liver function test
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| PE | physical examintation
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| PMH | past medical history
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| R/O | rule out
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| RGB | Roux-En-Y gastric bypass
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| STAT | immediately
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