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ORANGE MOD
gastrointestinal review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what are rugae? | folds in the stomach, secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes |
| what are the accessory organs of the GI system? | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| what are the four divisions of the colon? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
| what are the functions of the liver? | produces bile, removes glucose (sugar) from the blood, stores vitamins B12, A, D, E and K, destroys or transforms toxic products |
| what are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum |
| what are the three main parts of the stomach? | fundus, body, pylorus |
| what are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | hard palate, soft palate |
| what is the medical term for mouth? | oral cavity |
| what is another name for the GI tract? | alimentary canal |
| what are villi? | microscopic finger-like projections |
| what does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynx to the anus (the entire GI tract) |
| what is digestion completed? | small intestine |
| what is a volvulus? | a life-threatening obstruction in which the bowel twists on itself |
| what are hemorrhoids? | enlarged veins in the mucuosa membrane of the anal canal |
| what causes hepatitis A? | ingestion of contaminated food, water, or milk |
| what is diverticulosis? | small blister-like pockets develop in the inner lining of the large intestine |
| what is ulcerative colitis? | chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum |
| where are ulcers commonly found? | stomach, duodenum |
| what do inguinal hernias develop? | in the groin where the abdominal folds of the flesh meet the thighs |
| what large intestine disorder is associated with a higher risk of colon cancer? | ulcerative colitis |
| ulcer | a lesion of the skin or mucous or membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach |
| occult blood | a test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it |
| deglutition | act of swallowing |
| gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine |
| pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion |
| reguruitation | backward flowing, as in the rectum of solids of fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| mastication | chewing |
| fecalith | fecal concretion |
| cecum | first 2-3" of the large intestine |
| ascending colon | first portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver |
| cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones |
| flatus | gas in the GI tract |
| ulterative colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of a sec-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine |
| stomatits | inflammation of the mouth of the stomach |
| anorexia | lack of loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
| rectum | last portion of the GI tract |
| ileum | lower division of the small intestine |
| serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
| halitosis | offensive, or bad breath |
| proctologist | one who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus |
| melena | passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
| stratorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces |
| celiac | pertaining to the abdomen |
| buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
| lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone |
| erucation | producing gas from the stomach |
| perstalsis | progressive, wavelike movement |
| lower gastrointestinal series UGIS | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine |
| lower gastrointestinal series BE | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon |
| cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are aurible at a distance |
| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver |
| jejunum | second division of the small intestine |
| transverse colon | second portion of the colon that passes horizontally acrpss the abdomen toward the spleen |
| obstipation | severe constipation |
| pyloric stenosis | structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter |
| enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine thorough the abdomen wall |
| ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall |
| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another |
| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip |
| aerophagia | swallowing air |
| liver | the largest glandular organ |
| diarrhea | the passage of unformed watery bowel movements |
| ingest | to eat |
| hematesis | vomiting of blood |
| malabsorption | when nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues |
| oral leukoplakia | white patches that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek |
| Ba | barium |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CT | computed tomography |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GERD | |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| PE | physical examintation |
| PMH | past medical history |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| R/O | rule out |
| RGB | Roux-En-Y gastric bypass |
| STAT | immediately |
Created by:
lexieeesmith
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