WVSOM -- Neuroanatomy -- Biochemistry of Vision
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| Refraction | bending of light at anangled surface
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| What happens to light when it hits a glass surface perpendicular to light rays? | does not bend
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| What does a convex lens do? | causes light rays to converge to a focal point
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| What will a concave lens do? | cause light rays to diverge
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| What does visible light range from? | 400nm – 700 nm
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| Rods | sensitive to light so good for dim light or night vision. Do not respond well to moving stimuli. Slow response time
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| Cones | not sensitive to dim light and respond quickly. Daytime vision and color
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| How many cones per eye? | 5 million
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| What are the 3 classes of cones? | Blue, green and red
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| What are blue cones for? | short wavelength
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| What are green cones for? | medium wavelengths
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| What are red cones for? | long wavelengths
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| What is photo pigment for? | responsible for absorbing the energy from the light into a cascade of events
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| Where aer the photo receptors at? | outer segments of the membranes
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| What does photopigment consist of? | retinal and opsin
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| What is retinal? | vit A derivative
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| What is opsin? | glycoprotein
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| How many opsins are there? | 4 – 1 for rods (scotopsin and then 3 in cones (red, green , blue)
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| What photopigment do rods have? | rhodopsin
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| What are photoreceptors in the dark? | at rest and somewhat depolarized
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| What happens to photoreceptors int eh presence of light? | hyperpolarizes
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| How do the photoreceptors stay depolarized? | Na+ channels open
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| How are Na+ channels in the dark? | open
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| How are Na+ chennels in the light? | closed
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| What gates are on Na+ channels? | cGMP
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| What reduces G-protein concentration? | transducin
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| How does transducin lower g-protein concentration? | by activating a phosphodiesterase which reduces cGMP
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| What is the phototranduction pathway? | light activates photopigment, activates tranducin, activates phosphodiesterase, reduces cGMP concentration, Na + chennels close and hyperpolarization occurs, glutamate release is reduced
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| What does phototransduction pathway cause? | amplification
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| What inhibits bipolar cells? | glutamate
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Created by:
tjamrose
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