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Roots, prefixes, suffixes and Abbreviations

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Term
Definition
Root: Adip/o   Fat  
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Root: lip/o   Fat  
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Root: steat/o   Fat  
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Root: axill/o   Armpit  
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Root: bi/o   Life  
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Root: cephal/o   Head  
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Root: cervic/o   Neck  
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Root: cyt/o   Cell  
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Root: hist/o   Tissue  
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Root: histi/o   Tissue  
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Root: path/o   Disease  
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Root: viscer/o   Internal Organs  
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Root: cili/o   Hair  
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Root: pil/o   Hair  
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Root: derm/o   Skin  
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Root: dermat/o   Skin  
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Root: cutane/o   Skin  
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Root: onych/o   Nail  
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Root: ungu/o   Nail  
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Root: arthr/o   Joint  
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Root: chondr/o   Cartilage  
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Root: crani/o   Skull  
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Root: Cost/o   Rib  
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Root: myel/o   Bone Marrow (also means spinal chord)  
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Root: oste/o   Bone  
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Root: pelvi/i   Pelvis  
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Root: Spin/o   Spine;Spinal (vertebral) column; backbone  
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Root: vertebr/o   Vertebra  
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Root: spondyl/o   Vertebra  
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Root: my/o   Muscle  
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Root: muscul/o   Muscle  
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Root: tend/o   Tendon  
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Root: tendin/o   Tendon  
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Root: blephor/o   Eyelid  
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Root: cerebr/o   Brain  
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Root: encephal/o   Brain  
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Root: neur/o   Nerve  
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Root: ophthalm/o   Eye  
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Root: ocul/o   Eye  
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Root: ot/o   Ear  
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Root: aden/o   Gland  
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Root: adren/o   Adrenal gland  
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Root: parathyroid/o   Parathyroid gland  
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Root: pituitar/o   Pituitary gland  
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Root: thyroid/o   Thyroid gland  
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Root: angi/o   Blood vessel  
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Root: vascul/o   Blood vessel  
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Root: vas/o   Blood vessel  
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Root: arteri/o   Artery  
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Root: cardi/o   Heart  
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Root: hem/o   Blood  
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Root: hemat/o   Blood  
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Root: ven/o   Vein  
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Root: phleb/o   Vein  
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Root: adenoid/o   Adenoids  
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Root: lymph/o   Lymph (clear, watery fluid)  
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Root: lymphaden/o   Lymph glands; Lymph nodes  
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Root: lymphangi/o   Lymph vessels  
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Root: splen/o   Spleen  
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Root: tonsill/o   Tonsils  
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Root: aveol/o   Air sac; alveolus  
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Root: bronch/o   Bronchus  
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Root: bronchi/o   Bronchus  
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Root: bronchiol/o   Small bronchial tubes  
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Root: laryng/o   Voice box; larynx  
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Root: nas/o   Nose  
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Root: rhin/o   Nose  
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Root: pharyng/o   Throat; pharynx  
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Root: phren/o   Diaphragm  
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Root: pneum/o   Lungs  
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Root: pneumon/o   Lungs  
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Root: pulmon/o   Lungs  
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Root: thorac/o   Chest  
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Root: trache/o   Windpipe; trachea  
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Root: abdomin/o   Abdomen  
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Root: cheil/o   Lips  
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Root: col/o   Large intestines; colon  
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Root: enter/o   Small intestines  
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Root: esophag/o   Esophagus  
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Root: gastr/o   Stomach  
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Root: gloss/o   Tongue  
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Root: lingu/o   Tongue  
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Root: hepat/o   Liver  
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Root: or/o   Mouth  
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Root: stomat/o   Mouth  
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Root: rect/o   Rectum  
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Root: cyst/o   Bladder  
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Root: ren/o   Kidneys  
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Root: nephr/o   Kidneys  
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Root: ureter/o   Ureters  
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Root: urethr/o   Urethra  
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Root: epididym/o   Epididymis  
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Root: orchid/o   Testicle; testis  
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Root: test/o   Testicle; testis  
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Root: testicul/o   Testicle;testis  
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Root: phall/o   Penis  
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Root: prostat/o   Prostate gland  
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Root: vas/o   Ductus deferens  
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Root: colp/o   Vagina  
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Root: vagin/o   Vagina  
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Root: gynec/o   Female  
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Root: mast/o   Breast  
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Root: mamm/o   Breast  
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Root: oophor/o   Ovary  
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Root: ovari/o   Ovary  
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Root: salping/o   Fallopian tubes; uterine tubes  
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Root: uter/o   Uterus  
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Root: hyster/o   Uterus  
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Root: metr/o   Uterus  
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Root: vulv/o   Vulva; External genitalia  
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Root: acr/o   Top; extermities  
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Root: carcin/o   Cancer  
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Root: don/o   Donates  
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Root: fluor/o   Luminous  
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Root: glyc/o   Sugar  
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Root: Pharmac/o   Drug  
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Root: physi/o   Nature  
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Root: practition/o   Practice  
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Root: sect/o   Cut  
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Prefix: micro-   Small  
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Suffix: -algia   Pain  
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Suffix: -cele   Hernia  
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Suffix: -dynia   Pain  
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Suffix: -emesis   Vomiting  
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Suffix: -emia   Blood Condition  
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Suffix: -ia   State of; Condition  
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Suffix: -itis   Inflammation  
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Suffix: -lysis   Destruction; Separation; breakdown  
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Suffix: -malacia   Softening  
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Suffix: -megaly   Enlargement  
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Suffix: -oma   Tumor; mass  
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Suffix: -osis   Abnormal condition  
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Suffix: -pathy   Disease Process  
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Suffix: -penia   Decrease, deficiency  
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Suffix: -phobia   Irrational fear  
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Suffix: -ptosis   Downward displacement; drooping;prolapse; sagging  
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Suffix: -ptysis   Spitting  
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Suffix: -rrhage   Bursting forth  
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Suffix: -rrhagia   Bursting Forth  
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Suffix:-rrhea   Flow; discharge  
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Suffix: -rrhexis   Rupture  
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Suffix: -sclerosis   Hardening  
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Suffix: -spasm   Sudden, involuntary contraction  
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Suffix: -stenosis   Narrowing; stricture  
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Suffix: -y   Process  
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Suffix: -gram   Record; Writing  
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Suffix: -graph   Instrument used to record  
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Suffix: -graphy   Process of recording; producing images  
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Suffix: -meter   Instrument used to measure; process of measuring  
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Suffix: -metry   To measure; measurement  
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Suffix: -opsy   To view  
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Suffix: -scope   Instrument used to visually examine (a body cavity or organ)  
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Suffix: -scopy   Process of visually examining (a body cavity or organ)  
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Suffix: -centesis   Surgical puncture to remove fluid  
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Suffix: -desis   Surgical binding: Surgical fusion  
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Suffix: -ectomy   Excision; surgical removal  
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Suffix: -pexy   Surgical fixation  
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Suffix: -plasty   Surgical reconstruction; surgical repair  
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Suffix: -rrhaphy   Suture; sew  
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Suffix: -stasis   Stoppage; stopping; controlling  
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Suffix: -stomy   New opening; artificial opening  
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Suffix: -tome   Instrument used to cut  
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Suffix: -tomy   Process of cutting; incision  
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Suffix: -cyte   Cell  
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Suffix: -er   Specialist  
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Suffix: -ician   Specialist  
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Suffix: -logist   Specialist  
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Suffix: -ist   Specialist  
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Suffix: -ion   Process  
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Suffix: -logy   Study of; process of study  
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Suffix: -or   One who; person or thing that does something  
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Suffix: -plasia   Formation;development  
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Suffix: -poiesis   Production;manufacture; formation  
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Suffix: -genic   Produced by; producing  
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Suffix: -oid   Resembling  
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Suffix: -ole   Small  
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Suffix: -ule   Small  
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Suffix: -ac   Pertaining to  
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Suffix: -al   Pertaining to  
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Suffix: -ary   Pertaining to  
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Suffix: -eal   Pertaining to  
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Suffix: -ic   Pertaining to  
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Suffix: -ous   Pertaining to  
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Root: Cellul/o   Cell  
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Root: Cis/o   to cut  
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Root: Comat/o   deep sleep  
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Root: Digest/o   Digestion  
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Root: Duct/o   To Draw  
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Root: Later/o   Side; lateral  
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Root: Nat/o   Birth  
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Root: Sept/o   Infection  
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Son/o   Sound  
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Suffix: aise   Ease  
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Suffix -ar   Pertaining to  
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Suffix -cuspid   Projection;cusps  
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Suffix: -drome   to run  
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Suffix: -form   shape;form  
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Suffix: -genous   produced by  
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Suffix: -gnosis   Knowledge  
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Suffix: -mortem   Death  
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Suffix: -plasm   development; formation  
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Suffix: -plegia   Paralysis  
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Suffix: -version   Turning; tilting  
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Prefix: Ab-   Away from  
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Prefix: Ad-   Toward  
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Prefix: Ante-   before  
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Prefix: Circum-   Around  
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Prefix: Dia-   Through; complete  
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Prefix: Ecto-   Outside  
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Prefix: Endo-   Within  
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Prefix: Epi-   Upon; on; above  
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Prefix: E-   Out; outward ; outside  
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Root: Anter/o   Front  
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Root: Caud/o   Tail  
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Root: Dors/o   Back  
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Root: Infer/o   Inferior  
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Root: Inguin/o   Groin  
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Root: Medi/o   Middle  
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Root: Phren/o   Diaphragm  
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Root: Poster/o   Posterior  
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Root: Proxim/o   Near  
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Root: Super/o   Superior  
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Root: Ventr/o   Front  
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Root: Ili/o   Hip  
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Abbreviation: LLQ   Left lower quadrant  
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Abbreviation: LUQ   Left upper Quandrant  
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Abbreviation: RLQ   Right Lower Quadrant  
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Abbriviation: RUQ   Right upper Quadrant.  
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Root: Cry/o   Cold  
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Root: Leuk/o   White  
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Root: papill/o   nipple-like  
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Root: Scler/o   hardening  
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Root: Xer/o   Dry  
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Suffix: -ism   Process  
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Suffix: -ium   Structure  
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Suffix: -um   Structure  
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Suffix: -sis   State of; condition  
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Root: Albin/o   White  
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Root: Cyan/o   Blue  
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Root: Diaphor/e   Profuse Sweating  
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Root: Epitheli/o   Covering  
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Root: Erythemat/o   Red  
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Root: Erythr/o   Red  
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Root: hidr/o   Sweat  
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Root: Kerat/o   Hard; hornlike  
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Root: Keratin/o   Hard; hornlike  
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Root: melan/o   Black  
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Root: Myc/o   Fungus  
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Root: Necr/o   Death  
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Root: Py/o   Pus  
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Root: Ras/o   Scrape  
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Root: Rhytid/o   Wrinkle  
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Root: Seb/o   Sebum  
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Root: Steat/o   Fat  
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Suffix: -dermis   Skin  
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Suffix: -derma   Skin  
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Suffix: -oma   Tumor;Mass  
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Suffix: -therapy   Treatment  
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Prefix: Derma-   Skin  
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Rhytidectomy   Face lift  
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Blepharoplasty   Correct drooping upper eyelids  
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Adominoplasty   Tummy tuck  
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Debriment   removal of burned skin  
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Abbreviation: bx   Biopsy  
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Abbreviation: SC   Subcutaneous  
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Abbreviation: Subq   Subcutaneous  
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Abbreviation: Subcut   Subcutaneous  
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Abbreviation: UV   Ultraviolet  
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Root: Kyph/o   Humpback  
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Root: Lord/o   Swayback  
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Root: Ped/o   Child  
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Root: Scoli/o   Curved  
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Root: Tempor/o   Temporal bone  
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Suffix: -porosis   Porous  
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Root: Mandibul/o   Mandible; lower jaw  
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Root: Maxill/o   Maxilla; upper jaw  
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Root: Chondr/o   Cartilage  
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Root: Stern/o   Sternum; breastbone  
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Root: Xiph/o   Sword  
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Xiphoid   Distal portion of the sternum  
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Root: Coccyg/o   Coccyx;tailbone  
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Root: Lumb/o   Lower back' loins  
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Root: Sacr/o   Sacrum  
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Root: Spondyl/o   Vertebra  
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Root: Clavicul/o   Clavicle; collarbone  
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Root: Scapul/o   Scapula  
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Root: Brachi/o   Arm  
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Root: Carp/o   Wrist  
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Root: olecran/o   Olecranon (elbow)  
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Root: Phalang/o   Phalanx: one of the bones making up the fingers or toes  
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Root: Radi/o   Radius  
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Root: Uln/o   The Ulna  
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Root: Acetabul/o   Acetabulum; hip socket  
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Root: Ili/o   Hip  
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Root: Calcane/o   Heel  
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Root: Femor/o   Femur; thigh bone  
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Root: fibul/o   Fibula  
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Root: Patell/a   Kneecap; patella  
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Root: Patell/o   Patella; Kneecap  
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Root: Tibi/o   Tibia; shin  
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Root: Arthr/o   Joint  
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Root: Articul/o   Joint  
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Root: Burs/o   Bursa  
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Suffix: -blast   Immature  
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Suffix: -centesis   Surgical puncture to remove fluid; aspiration  
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Suffix: -clasis   Surgical fracture or refracture  
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Suffix: -clast   Breakdown  
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Suffix: -desis   Surgical fusion; surgical binding  
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Suffix: -genesis   Formation  
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Suffix: -physis   To grow  
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Suffix: -porosis   Pourous  
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Suffix: -sarcoma   Malignant tumor of connective tissue  
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Prefix: Ortho-   Straight  
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Open Fracture   Bone is broken and there is an open cut in the skin  
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Closed fracture   Bone is broken and there is no open cut in the skin  
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Pathological fracture   Bone breaks because it is weak from disease  
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Comminuted fracture   Bone has been splintered  
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Greenstick fracture   bone is partially broken on one side and bent on the opposite side  
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Colles' fracture   Fracture of the distal radius near the wrist  
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Intra-articular fracture   Fracture on the joint surface of the bone  
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Reduction   Placing the bones back together  
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Closed Reduction   An incision in the skin is not necessary to place the bones back together  
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Open Reduction   Incising the skin to place the bones back together and under direct visualization  
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Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)   When the fracture is severe and screws, nails or pins are needed to hold it in place  
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Abbreviation: C   Cervical  
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Abbreviations: C1-C7   First cervical vertebrae to seventh cervical vertebrae  
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Abbreviation: DDD   Degenerative disc disease  
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Abbreviation: IP   Interphalangeal  
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Abbreviation: L   Lumbar  
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Abbreviations: L1-L5   First Lumbar vertebrae to fifth Lumbar vertebrae  
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Abbreviation: LDD   Lumbar Disc Disease  
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Abbreviation: MCP   Metacarpophalangeal  
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Abbreviation: MSS   Musculoskeletal system  
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Abbreviation: OA   Osteoarthritis  
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Abbreviation: ORIF   Open Reduction Internal Fixation  
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Abbreviation: Ortho   Orthopedics  
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Abbreviation: RA   Rheumatoid arthritis  
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Abbreviations: S1-S5   First Sacral Vertebrae to Fifth Sacral vertebrae  
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Abbreviation: T   Thoracic  
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Abbreviations: T1-T12   First Thoracic Vertebrae to Twelfth Thoracic Vertabrae  
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Abbreviations: D1-D12   First Thoracic Vertebrae to Twelfth Thoracic Vertabrae  
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Abbreviation: TKR   Total Knee Replacement  
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Abbreviation: TMJ   Temporomandibular Joint  
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Root: Flex/o   Bend  
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Root: Pronati/o   Facing backward  
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Root: Supinati/o   Facing forward  
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Root: Tens/o   Stretch  
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Prefix: Dorsi-   Back  
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Root: duct/o   To draw (like drawing something to something)  
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Root: electr/o   Electric  
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Root: fasci/o   Fascia  
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Root: kinesi/o   Movement  
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Root: lei/o   Smooth  
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Root: muscul/o   Muscle  
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Root: my/o   Muscle  
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Root: myos/o   Muscle  
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Root: rhabd/o   Rod-shaped; striped;straited  
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Root: tendin/o   Tendon  
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Root: ten/o   Tendon  
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Root: tenosynovi/o   Tendon sheath  
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Root: ton/o   Tone;tension  
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Suffix: -asthenia   no strength  
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Suffix: -clonus   turmoil  
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Suffix: -ion   Process of  
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Suffix: -kinesia   Movement;motion  
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Suffix: -trophy   nourishment; growth  
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Suffix: -thermy   Heat  
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Abbreviation: CTS   Carpal Tunnel Syndrome  
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Abbreviation: MD   Muscular Dystrophy  
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Duchenne's   Most common type of muscular dystrophy  
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Abbreviation: EMG   Electromyography  
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Abbreviation: IM   Intramuscular  
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Abbreviation: ROM   Range of Motion  
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Abbreviation: RICE   Rest, ice, compression, elevation  
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Abbreviation: SLR   Straight leg raising  
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Root: ambly/o   dull;dim  
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Root: coagulati/o   to condense; to clot  
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Root: dipl/o   Double  
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Root: emmetr/o   in proper measure  
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Root: is/o   equal  
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Suffix: -conus   Cone-shaped  
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Suffix: -edema   Accumulation of Fluid  
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Suffix- iasis   Abnormal condition; process  
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Suffix: -metrist   Specialist in the measurement of  
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Suffix: -ory   Pertaining to  
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Prefix: myein-   To shut  
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Prefix: presby-   Old age  
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Prefix: psuedo-   False  
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Root: aque/o   Water  
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Root: chori/o   Choroid  
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Root: choroid/o   Choroid; membrane  
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Root: conjuctiv/o   Conjunctiva  
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Root: core/o   Pupil  
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Root: corne/o   Cornea  
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Root: cycl/o   Ciliary body  
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Root: dacry/o   Tears  
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Root: dacryocyst/o   Lacrimal sac (tear duct)  
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Root: goni/o   Angle  
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Root: irid/o   Iris  
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Root: ir/o   Iris  
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Root: Kerat/o   Cornea  
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Root: lacrim/o   Tears  
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Root: mi/o   Contraction; less  
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Root: mydri/o   Wide;dilation; dilatation  
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Root: ocul/o   Eye  
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Root: ophthalm/o   Eye  
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Root: Opt/o   Vision; sight  
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Root: palpebr/o   eyelid  
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Root: papill/o   optic disc  
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Root: phac/o   lens  
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Root: phak/o   Lens  
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Root: phot/o   Light  
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Root: pupill/o   Pupil  
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Root: Retin/o   Retina  
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Root: scler/o   Sclera  
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Root: ton/o   Tension  
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Root: trabecul/o   meshwork; lattice  
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Root: uve/o   Uvea  
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Root: vitre/o   glasslike; gel-like  
🗑
Suffix: -chalasis   relaxation  
🗑
Suffix: -opia   Visual condition; vision  
🗑
Suffix: -opsia   Visual condition; vision  
🗑
Suffix: - tropia   turning  
🗑
Suffix: -tropion   turning  
🗑
Abbreviation: ECCE   Extracapsular cataract extraction  
🗑
Abbreviation: accom   Accommodation  
🗑
Abbreviation: ARMD   age-related macular degeneration  
🗑
Abbreviation: OD   the right eye (oculus dextra)  
🗑
Abbreviation: OS   The left eye (oculus sinistra)  
🗑
Abbreviation: OU   Both eyes (oculus unitas)  
🗑
Abbreviation: PERLA   pupils equal, react to light and accomodation  
🗑
Abbreviation: PERRLA   pupils equal, round, regular, react to light and accomodation  
🗑
Abbreviation: PRK   photorefractive keratectomy  
🗑
Abbreviation: EOM   Extraocular movement  
🗑
Abbreviation: IOL   Intraocular Lens  
🗑
Abbreviation: IOP   Intraocular pressure  
🗑
Abbreviation: LASEK   laser epithelial keratomileusis  
🗑
Abbreviation: LASIK   laser- assisted in situ keratomileusis  
🗑
Abbreviation VA   visual acuity  
🗑
Abbreviation: VF   Visual field  
🗑
Root: Audi/o   Hearing  
🗑
Root: Audit/o   Hearing  
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Root: aur/o   Ear  
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Root: Cochle/o   Cochlea  
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Root: labyrinth/o   inner ear/ labyrinth  
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Root: myring/o   tympanic membrane; eardrum  
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Root: Ossicul/o   ossicles  
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Root: ot/o   Ear  
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Root: salping/o   Eustachian tube  
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Root: staped/o   Stapes  
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Root: tympan/o   tympanic membrane; eardrum  
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Suffix: -cusis   hearing  
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Abbreviation: AC   Air Conduction  
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Abbreviation: AD   Right ear (auris dextra)  
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Abbreviation: AS   Left ear (auris sinistra)  
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Abbreviation: AU   Both ears (auris unitas)  
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Abbreviation: BC   bone conduction  
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Abbreviation: EENT   Eyes, ears, nose and throat  
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Abbreviation: ENT   Ears, nose and throat  
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Abbreviation: HD   hearing distance  
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Abbreviation: Hz   Hertz  
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Abbreviation: NIHL   nerve-induced hearing loss  
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Abbreviation: TM   tympanic membrane  
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Root: immun/o   Safe  
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Root: radi/o   Radioactive  
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Suffix: -genesis   Production  
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Suffix: -gen   Producing  
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Prefix: eu-   Normal; good  
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Root: acr/o   Extremity; top  
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Root: aden/o   Gland  
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Root: adrenal/o   Adrenal  
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Root: adren/o   Adrenal  
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Root: andr/o   Male; man  
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Root: calc/o   Calcium  
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Root: Crin/o   to secrete  
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Root: estr/o   Female  
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Root: gluc/o   Sugar  
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Root: glyc/o   Sugar  
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Root: glycogen/o   Glycogen  
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Root: gonad/o   Gonads; sex glands  
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Root: gynec/o   Woman  
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Root: home/o   Same  
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Root: insulin/o   insulin  
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Root: kal/o   Potassium  
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Root: Natr/o   Sodium  
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Root: pancrat/o   Pancreas  
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Root: parathyroid/o   Parathyroid gland  
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Root: pituitar/o   Pituitary gland  
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Root: thyr/o   thyroid gland; shield  
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Root: thyroid/o   Thyroid gland; shield  
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Root: ure/o   Urea (found in urine)  
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Suffix: -assay   analysis of a mixture to identify its contents  
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Suffix: -crine   To secrete  
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Suffix: -dipsia   thirst  
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Suffix: -physis   to grow  
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Suffix: -tropic   stimulating  
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Prefix: Oxy-   sharp; quick  
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Abbreviation: DM   Diabetes mellitus; a disease which the body is unable to use sugar to produce energy  
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Abbreviation: ACTH   Adrenaocorticotropic hormone  
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Abbreviation: ADH   Antidiuretic hormone  
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Abbreviation: Ca   Calcium; cancer  
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Abbreviation: FSH   follicle-stimulating hormone  
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Abbreviation: GH   Growth hormone  
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Abbreviation: K   Potassium  
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Abbreviation: LH   Luteinizing hormone  
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Abbreviation: MSH   Melanocyte-stimulating hormone  
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Abbreviation: Na   Sodium  
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Abbreviation: OT   Oxytocin  
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Abbreviation: P   Phosphorus  
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Abbreviation: PRL   Prolactin  
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Abbreviation: PTH   Parathyroid hormone  
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Abbreviation: RIA   Radioimmunoassay  
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Abbreviation: T3   Triiodothyronine  
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Abbreviation: T4   Thyroxine  
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Abbreviation: TFT   Thyroid function tests  
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Abbreviation: TRH   Thyrotropin-releasing hormone  
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Abbreviation: TSH   Thyroid-stimulating hormone  
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