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Medical Terminology
Roots, prefixes, suffixes and Abbreviations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Root: Adip/o | Fat |
| Root: lip/o | Fat |
| Root: steat/o | Fat |
| Root: axill/o | Armpit |
| Root: bi/o | Life |
| Root: cephal/o | Head |
| Root: cervic/o | Neck |
| Root: cyt/o | Cell |
| Root: hist/o | Tissue |
| Root: histi/o | Tissue |
| Root: path/o | Disease |
| Root: viscer/o | Internal Organs |
| Root: cili/o | Hair |
| Root: pil/o | Hair |
| Root: derm/o | Skin |
| Root: dermat/o | Skin |
| Root: cutane/o | Skin |
| Root: onych/o | Nail |
| Root: ungu/o | Nail |
| Root: arthr/o | Joint |
| Root: chondr/o | Cartilage |
| Root: crani/o | Skull |
| Root: Cost/o | Rib |
| Root: myel/o | Bone Marrow (also means spinal chord) |
| Root: oste/o | Bone |
| Root: pelvi/i | Pelvis |
| Root: Spin/o | Spine;Spinal (vertebral) column; backbone |
| Root: vertebr/o | Vertebra |
| Root: spondyl/o | Vertebra |
| Root: my/o | Muscle |
| Root: muscul/o | Muscle |
| Root: tend/o | Tendon |
| Root: tendin/o | Tendon |
| Root: blephor/o | Eyelid |
| Root: cerebr/o | Brain |
| Root: encephal/o | Brain |
| Root: neur/o | Nerve |
| Root: ophthalm/o | Eye |
| Root: ocul/o | Eye |
| Root: ot/o | Ear |
| Root: aden/o | Gland |
| Root: adren/o | Adrenal gland |
| Root: parathyroid/o | Parathyroid gland |
| Root: pituitar/o | Pituitary gland |
| Root: thyroid/o | Thyroid gland |
| Root: angi/o | Blood vessel |
| Root: vascul/o | Blood vessel |
| Root: vas/o | Blood vessel |
| Root: arteri/o | Artery |
| Root: cardi/o | Heart |
| Root: hem/o | Blood |
| Root: hemat/o | Blood |
| Root: ven/o | Vein |
| Root: phleb/o | Vein |
| Root: adenoid/o | Adenoids |
| Root: lymph/o | Lymph (clear, watery fluid) |
| Root: lymphaden/o | Lymph glands; Lymph nodes |
| Root: lymphangi/o | Lymph vessels |
| Root: splen/o | Spleen |
| Root: tonsill/o | Tonsils |
| Root: aveol/o | Air sac; alveolus |
| Root: bronch/o | Bronchus |
| Root: bronchi/o | Bronchus |
| Root: bronchiol/o | Small bronchial tubes |
| Root: laryng/o | Voice box; larynx |
| Root: nas/o | Nose |
| Root: rhin/o | Nose |
| Root: pharyng/o | Throat; pharynx |
| Root: phren/o | Diaphragm |
| Root: pneum/o | Lungs |
| Root: pneumon/o | Lungs |
| Root: pulmon/o | Lungs |
| Root: thorac/o | Chest |
| Root: trache/o | Windpipe; trachea |
| Root: abdomin/o | Abdomen |
| Root: cheil/o | Lips |
| Root: col/o | Large intestines; colon |
| Root: enter/o | Small intestines |
| Root: esophag/o | Esophagus |
| Root: gastr/o | Stomach |
| Root: gloss/o | Tongue |
| Root: lingu/o | Tongue |
| Root: hepat/o | Liver |
| Root: or/o | Mouth |
| Root: stomat/o | Mouth |
| Root: rect/o | Rectum |
| Root: cyst/o | Bladder |
| Root: ren/o | Kidneys |
| Root: nephr/o | Kidneys |
| Root: ureter/o | Ureters |
| Root: urethr/o | Urethra |
| Root: epididym/o | Epididymis |
| Root: orchid/o | Testicle; testis |
| Root: test/o | Testicle; testis |
| Root: testicul/o | Testicle;testis |
| Root: phall/o | Penis |
| Root: prostat/o | Prostate gland |
| Root: vas/o | Ductus deferens |
| Root: colp/o | Vagina |
| Root: vagin/o | Vagina |
| Root: gynec/o | Female |
| Root: mast/o | Breast |
| Root: mamm/o | Breast |
| Root: oophor/o | Ovary |
| Root: ovari/o | Ovary |
| Root: salping/o | Fallopian tubes; uterine tubes |
| Root: uter/o | Uterus |
| Root: hyster/o | Uterus |
| Root: metr/o | Uterus |
| Root: vulv/o | Vulva; External genitalia |
| Root: acr/o | Top; extermities |
| Root: carcin/o | Cancer |
| Root: don/o | Donates |
| Root: fluor/o | Luminous |
| Root: glyc/o | Sugar |
| Root: Pharmac/o | Drug |
| Root: physi/o | Nature |
| Root: practition/o | Practice |
| Root: sect/o | Cut |
| Prefix: micro- | Small |
| Suffix: -algia | Pain |
| Suffix: -cele | Hernia |
| Suffix: -dynia | Pain |
| Suffix: -emesis | Vomiting |
| Suffix: -emia | Blood Condition |
| Suffix: -ia | State of; Condition |
| Suffix: -itis | Inflammation |
| Suffix: -lysis | Destruction; Separation; breakdown |
| Suffix: -malacia | Softening |
| Suffix: -megaly | Enlargement |
| Suffix: -oma | Tumor; mass |
| Suffix: -osis | Abnormal condition |
| Suffix: -pathy | Disease Process |
| Suffix: -penia | Decrease, deficiency |
| Suffix: -phobia | Irrational fear |
| Suffix: -ptosis | Downward displacement; drooping;prolapse; sagging |
| Suffix: -ptysis | Spitting |
| Suffix: -rrhage | Bursting forth |
| Suffix: -rrhagia | Bursting Forth |
| Suffix:-rrhea | Flow; discharge |
| Suffix: -rrhexis | Rupture |
| Suffix: -sclerosis | Hardening |
| Suffix: -spasm | Sudden, involuntary contraction |
| Suffix: -stenosis | Narrowing; stricture |
| Suffix: -y | Process |
| Suffix: -gram | Record; Writing |
| Suffix: -graph | Instrument used to record |
| Suffix: -graphy | Process of recording; producing images |
| Suffix: -meter | Instrument used to measure; process of measuring |
| Suffix: -metry | To measure; measurement |
| Suffix: -opsy | To view |
| Suffix: -scope | Instrument used to visually examine (a body cavity or organ) |
| Suffix: -scopy | Process of visually examining (a body cavity or organ) |
| Suffix: -centesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| Suffix: -desis | Surgical binding: Surgical fusion |
| Suffix: -ectomy | Excision; surgical removal |
| Suffix: -pexy | Surgical fixation |
| Suffix: -plasty | Surgical reconstruction; surgical repair |
| Suffix: -rrhaphy | Suture; sew |
| Suffix: -stasis | Stoppage; stopping; controlling |
| Suffix: -stomy | New opening; artificial opening |
| Suffix: -tome | Instrument used to cut |
| Suffix: -tomy | Process of cutting; incision |
| Suffix: -cyte | Cell |
| Suffix: -er | Specialist |
| Suffix: -ician | Specialist |
| Suffix: -logist | Specialist |
| Suffix: -ist | Specialist |
| Suffix: -ion | Process |
| Suffix: -logy | Study of; process of study |
| Suffix: -or | One who; person or thing that does something |
| Suffix: -plasia | Formation;development |
| Suffix: -poiesis | Production;manufacture; formation |
| Suffix: -genic | Produced by; producing |
| Suffix: -oid | Resembling |
| Suffix: -ole | Small |
| Suffix: -ule | Small |
| Suffix: -ac | Pertaining to |
| Suffix: -al | Pertaining to |
| Suffix: -ary | Pertaining to |
| Suffix: -eal | Pertaining to |
| Suffix: -ic | Pertaining to |
| Suffix: -ous | Pertaining to |
| Root: Cellul/o | Cell |
| Root: Cis/o | to cut |
| Root: Comat/o | deep sleep |
| Root: Digest/o | Digestion |
| Root: Duct/o | To Draw |
| Root: Later/o | Side; lateral |
| Root: Nat/o | Birth |
| Root: Sept/o | Infection |
| Son/o | Sound |
| Suffix: aise | Ease |
| Suffix -ar | Pertaining to |
| Suffix -cuspid | Projection;cusps |
| Suffix: -drome | to run |
| Suffix: -form | shape;form |
| Suffix: -genous | produced by |
| Suffix: -gnosis | Knowledge |
| Suffix: -mortem | Death |
| Suffix: -plasm | development; formation |
| Suffix: -plegia | Paralysis |
| Suffix: -version | Turning; tilting |
| Prefix: Ab- | Away from |
| Prefix: Ad- | Toward |
| Prefix: Ante- | before |
| Prefix: Circum- | Around |
| Prefix: Dia- | Through; complete |
| Prefix: Ecto- | Outside |
| Prefix: Endo- | Within |
| Prefix: Epi- | Upon; on; above |
| Prefix: E- | Out; outward ; outside |
| Root: Anter/o | Front |
| Root: Caud/o | Tail |
| Root: Dors/o | Back |
| Root: Infer/o | Inferior |
| Root: Inguin/o | Groin |
| Root: Medi/o | Middle |
| Root: Phren/o | Diaphragm |
| Root: Poster/o | Posterior |
| Root: Proxim/o | Near |
| Root: Super/o | Superior |
| Root: Ventr/o | Front |
| Root: Ili/o | Hip |
| Abbreviation: LLQ | Left lower quadrant |
| Abbreviation: LUQ | Left upper Quandrant |
| Abbreviation: RLQ | Right Lower Quadrant |
| Abbriviation: RUQ | Right upper Quadrant. |
| Root: Cry/o | Cold |
| Root: Leuk/o | White |
| Root: papill/o | nipple-like |
| Root: Scler/o | hardening |
| Root: Xer/o | Dry |
| Suffix: -ism | Process |
| Suffix: -ium | Structure |
| Suffix: -um | Structure |
| Suffix: -sis | State of; condition |
| Root: Albin/o | White |
| Root: Cyan/o | Blue |
| Root: Diaphor/e | Profuse Sweating |
| Root: Epitheli/o | Covering |
| Root: Erythemat/o | Red |
| Root: Erythr/o | Red |
| Root: hidr/o | Sweat |
| Root: Kerat/o | Hard; hornlike |
| Root: Keratin/o | Hard; hornlike |
| Root: melan/o | Black |
| Root: Myc/o | Fungus |
| Root: Necr/o | Death |
| Root: Py/o | Pus |
| Root: Ras/o | Scrape |
| Root: Rhytid/o | Wrinkle |
| Root: Seb/o | Sebum |
| Root: Steat/o | Fat |
| Suffix: -dermis | Skin |
| Suffix: -derma | Skin |
| Suffix: -oma | Tumor;Mass |
| Suffix: -therapy | Treatment |
| Prefix: Derma- | Skin |
| Rhytidectomy | Face lift |
| Blepharoplasty | Correct drooping upper eyelids |
| Adominoplasty | Tummy tuck |
| Debriment | removal of burned skin |
| Abbreviation: bx | Biopsy |
| Abbreviation: SC | Subcutaneous |
| Abbreviation: Subq | Subcutaneous |
| Abbreviation: Subcut | Subcutaneous |
| Abbreviation: UV | Ultraviolet |
| Root: Kyph/o | Humpback |
| Root: Lord/o | Swayback |
| Root: Ped/o | Child |
| Root: Scoli/o | Curved |
| Root: Tempor/o | Temporal bone |
| Suffix: -porosis | Porous |
| Root: Mandibul/o | Mandible; lower jaw |
| Root: Maxill/o | Maxilla; upper jaw |
| Root: Chondr/o | Cartilage |
| Root: Stern/o | Sternum; breastbone |
| Root: Xiph/o | Sword |
| Xiphoid | Distal portion of the sternum |
| Root: Coccyg/o | Coccyx;tailbone |
| Root: Lumb/o | Lower back' loins |
| Root: Sacr/o | Sacrum |
| Root: Spondyl/o | Vertebra |
| Root: Clavicul/o | Clavicle; collarbone |
| Root: Scapul/o | Scapula |
| Root: Brachi/o | Arm |
| Root: Carp/o | Wrist |
| Root: olecran/o | Olecranon (elbow) |
| Root: Phalang/o | Phalanx: one of the bones making up the fingers or toes |
| Root: Radi/o | Radius |
| Root: Uln/o | The Ulna |
| Root: Acetabul/o | Acetabulum; hip socket |
| Root: Ili/o | Hip |
| Root: Calcane/o | Heel |
| Root: Femor/o | Femur; thigh bone |
| Root: fibul/o | Fibula |
| Root: Patell/a | Kneecap; patella |
| Root: Patell/o | Patella; Kneecap |
| Root: Tibi/o | Tibia; shin |
| Root: Arthr/o | Joint |
| Root: Articul/o | Joint |
| Root: Burs/o | Bursa |
| Suffix: -blast | Immature |
| Suffix: -centesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid; aspiration |
| Suffix: -clasis | Surgical fracture or refracture |
| Suffix: -clast | Breakdown |
| Suffix: -desis | Surgical fusion; surgical binding |
| Suffix: -genesis | Formation |
| Suffix: -physis | To grow |
| Suffix: -porosis | Pourous |
| Suffix: -sarcoma | Malignant tumor of connective tissue |
| Prefix: Ortho- | Straight |
| Open Fracture | Bone is broken and there is an open cut in the skin |
| Closed fracture | Bone is broken and there is no open cut in the skin |
| Pathological fracture | Bone breaks because it is weak from disease |
| Comminuted fracture | Bone has been splintered |
| Greenstick fracture | bone is partially broken on one side and bent on the opposite side |
| Colles' fracture | Fracture of the distal radius near the wrist |
| Intra-articular fracture | Fracture on the joint surface of the bone |
| Reduction | Placing the bones back together |
| Closed Reduction | An incision in the skin is not necessary to place the bones back together |
| Open Reduction | Incising the skin to place the bones back together and under direct visualization |
| Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) | When the fracture is severe and screws, nails or pins are needed to hold it in place |
| Abbreviation: C | Cervical |
| Abbreviations: C1-C7 | First cervical vertebrae to seventh cervical vertebrae |
| Abbreviation: DDD | Degenerative disc disease |
| Abbreviation: IP | Interphalangeal |
| Abbreviation: L | Lumbar |
| Abbreviations: L1-L5 | First Lumbar vertebrae to fifth Lumbar vertebrae |
| Abbreviation: LDD | Lumbar Disc Disease |
| Abbreviation: MCP | Metacarpophalangeal |
| Abbreviation: MSS | Musculoskeletal system |
| Abbreviation: OA | Osteoarthritis |
| Abbreviation: ORIF | Open Reduction Internal Fixation |
| Abbreviation: Ortho | Orthopedics |
| Abbreviation: RA | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Abbreviations: S1-S5 | First Sacral Vertebrae to Fifth Sacral vertebrae |
| Abbreviation: T | Thoracic |
| Abbreviations: T1-T12 | First Thoracic Vertebrae to Twelfth Thoracic Vertabrae |
| Abbreviations: D1-D12 | First Thoracic Vertebrae to Twelfth Thoracic Vertabrae |
| Abbreviation: TKR | Total Knee Replacement |
| Abbreviation: TMJ | Temporomandibular Joint |
| Root: Flex/o | Bend |
| Root: Pronati/o | Facing backward |
| Root: Supinati/o | Facing forward |
| Root: Tens/o | Stretch |
| Prefix: Dorsi- | Back |
| Root: duct/o | To draw (like drawing something to something) |
| Root: electr/o | Electric |
| Root: fasci/o | Fascia |
| Root: kinesi/o | Movement |
| Root: lei/o | Smooth |
| Root: muscul/o | Muscle |
| Root: my/o | Muscle |
| Root: myos/o | Muscle |
| Root: rhabd/o | Rod-shaped; striped;straited |
| Root: tendin/o | Tendon |
| Root: ten/o | Tendon |
| Root: tenosynovi/o | Tendon sheath |
| Root: ton/o | Tone;tension |
| Suffix: -asthenia | no strength |
| Suffix: -clonus | turmoil |
| Suffix: -ion | Process of |
| Suffix: -kinesia | Movement;motion |
| Suffix: -trophy | nourishment; growth |
| Suffix: -thermy | Heat |
| Abbreviation: CTS | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| Abbreviation: MD | Muscular Dystrophy |
| Duchenne's | Most common type of muscular dystrophy |
| Abbreviation: EMG | Electromyography |
| Abbreviation: IM | Intramuscular |
| Abbreviation: ROM | Range of Motion |
| Abbreviation: RICE | Rest, ice, compression, elevation |
| Abbreviation: SLR | Straight leg raising |
| Root: ambly/o | dull;dim |
| Root: coagulati/o | to condense; to clot |
| Root: dipl/o | Double |
| Root: emmetr/o | in proper measure |
| Root: is/o | equal |
| Suffix: -conus | Cone-shaped |
| Suffix: -edema | Accumulation of Fluid |
| Suffix- iasis | Abnormal condition; process |
| Suffix: -metrist | Specialist in the measurement of |
| Suffix: -ory | Pertaining to |
| Prefix: myein- | To shut |
| Prefix: presby- | Old age |
| Prefix: psuedo- | False |
| Root: aque/o | Water |
| Root: chori/o | Choroid |
| Root: choroid/o | Choroid; membrane |
| Root: conjuctiv/o | Conjunctiva |
| Root: core/o | Pupil |
| Root: corne/o | Cornea |
| Root: cycl/o | Ciliary body |
| Root: dacry/o | Tears |
| Root: dacryocyst/o | Lacrimal sac (tear duct) |
| Root: goni/o | Angle |
| Root: irid/o | Iris |
| Root: ir/o | Iris |
| Root: Kerat/o | Cornea |
| Root: lacrim/o | Tears |
| Root: mi/o | Contraction; less |
| Root: mydri/o | Wide;dilation; dilatation |
| Root: ocul/o | Eye |
| Root: ophthalm/o | Eye |
| Root: Opt/o | Vision; sight |
| Root: palpebr/o | eyelid |
| Root: papill/o | optic disc |
| Root: phac/o | lens |
| Root: phak/o | Lens |
| Root: phot/o | Light |
| Root: pupill/o | Pupil |
| Root: Retin/o | Retina |
| Root: scler/o | Sclera |
| Root: ton/o | Tension |
| Root: trabecul/o | meshwork; lattice |
| Root: uve/o | Uvea |
| Root: vitre/o | glasslike; gel-like |
| Suffix: -chalasis | relaxation |
| Suffix: -opia | Visual condition; vision |
| Suffix: -opsia | Visual condition; vision |
| Suffix: - tropia | turning |
| Suffix: -tropion | turning |
| Abbreviation: ECCE | Extracapsular cataract extraction |
| Abbreviation: accom | Accommodation |
| Abbreviation: ARMD | age-related macular degeneration |
| Abbreviation: OD | the right eye (oculus dextra) |
| Abbreviation: OS | The left eye (oculus sinistra) |
| Abbreviation: OU | Both eyes (oculus unitas) |
| Abbreviation: PERLA | pupils equal, react to light and accomodation |
| Abbreviation: PERRLA | pupils equal, round, regular, react to light and accomodation |
| Abbreviation: PRK | photorefractive keratectomy |
| Abbreviation: EOM | Extraocular movement |
| Abbreviation: IOL | Intraocular Lens |
| Abbreviation: IOP | Intraocular pressure |
| Abbreviation: LASEK | laser epithelial keratomileusis |
| Abbreviation: LASIK | laser- assisted in situ keratomileusis |
| Abbreviation VA | visual acuity |
| Abbreviation: VF | Visual field |
| Root: Audi/o | Hearing |
| Root: Audit/o | Hearing |
| Root: aur/o | Ear |
| Root: Cochle/o | Cochlea |
| Root: labyrinth/o | inner ear/ labyrinth |
| Root: myring/o | tympanic membrane; eardrum |
| Root: Ossicul/o | ossicles |
| Root: ot/o | Ear |
| Root: salping/o | Eustachian tube |
| Root: staped/o | Stapes |
| Root: tympan/o | tympanic membrane; eardrum |
| Suffix: -cusis | hearing |
| Abbreviation: AC | Air Conduction |
| Abbreviation: AD | Right ear (auris dextra) |
| Abbreviation: AS | Left ear (auris sinistra) |
| Abbreviation: AU | Both ears (auris unitas) |
| Abbreviation: BC | bone conduction |
| Abbreviation: EENT | Eyes, ears, nose and throat |
| Abbreviation: ENT | Ears, nose and throat |
| Abbreviation: HD | hearing distance |
| Abbreviation: Hz | Hertz |
| Abbreviation: NIHL | nerve-induced hearing loss |
| Abbreviation: TM | tympanic membrane |
| Root: immun/o | Safe |
| Root: radi/o | Radioactive |
| Suffix: -genesis | Production |
| Suffix: -gen | Producing |
| Prefix: eu- | Normal; good |
| Root: acr/o | Extremity; top |
| Root: aden/o | Gland |
| Root: adrenal/o | Adrenal |
| Root: adren/o | Adrenal |
| Root: andr/o | Male; man |
| Root: calc/o | Calcium |
| Root: Crin/o | to secrete |
| Root: estr/o | Female |
| Root: gluc/o | Sugar |
| Root: glyc/o | Sugar |
| Root: glycogen/o | Glycogen |
| Root: gonad/o | Gonads; sex glands |
| Root: gynec/o | Woman |
| Root: home/o | Same |
| Root: insulin/o | insulin |
| Root: kal/o | Potassium |
| Root: Natr/o | Sodium |
| Root: pancrat/o | Pancreas |
| Root: parathyroid/o | Parathyroid gland |
| Root: pituitar/o | Pituitary gland |
| Root: thyr/o | thyroid gland; shield |
| Root: thyroid/o | Thyroid gland; shield |
| Root: ure/o | Urea (found in urine) |
| Suffix: -assay | analysis of a mixture to identify its contents |
| Suffix: -crine | To secrete |
| Suffix: -dipsia | thirst |
| Suffix: -physis | to grow |
| Suffix: -tropic | stimulating |
| Prefix: Oxy- | sharp; quick |
| Abbreviation: DM | Diabetes mellitus; a disease which the body is unable to use sugar to produce energy |
| Abbreviation: ACTH | Adrenaocorticotropic hormone |
| Abbreviation: ADH | Antidiuretic hormone |
| Abbreviation: Ca | Calcium; cancer |
| Abbreviation: FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| Abbreviation: GH | Growth hormone |
| Abbreviation: K | Potassium |
| Abbreviation: LH | Luteinizing hormone |
| Abbreviation: MSH | Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| Abbreviation: Na | Sodium |
| Abbreviation: OT | Oxytocin |
| Abbreviation: P | Phosphorus |
| Abbreviation: PRL | Prolactin |
| Abbreviation: PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| Abbreviation: RIA | Radioimmunoassay |
| Abbreviation: T3 | Triiodothyronine |
| Abbreviation: T4 | Thyroxine |
| Abbreviation: TFT | Thyroid function tests |
| Abbreviation: TRH | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone |
| Abbreviation: TSH | Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
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