Mr. G’s History of Healthcare
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| Primitive Times 6000 - 3000 BCE | Witch doctors were the doctors at the time.
Trepanning was used to cut hole in skull to treat insanity, epilepsy and headaches.
Used plants and herbs.
Lifespan 20 years.
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| Egyptians 3000 - 300 BCE | Began keeping medical records. Believed the body was a system of channels for blood, urine, feces, sperm, and sweat. Used bloodletting and leeches to open channels. Lifespan 20-30 years
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| Chinese 1700 BCE - 220 AD | Prohibited dissection due to religious reasons. Used acupuncture and needles to treat the whole body. Lifespan 20-30 years
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| Greeks 1200 BCE - 200 BCE | First to stress good diet and cleanliness.
Research into physical cause of disease.
Lifespan 25-35 years
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| Romans 700 BCE - 410 AD | Public health and sanitation systems
First to organize health care and early hospitals.
Lifespan 25-35 years
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| Arabic Islamic 700 - 1500 AD | Universal Health Care, licensing for doctors and pharmacist
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| Dark ages 400 - 800 AD | Study of medicine prohibited, Monks and priest cared for the sick. Prayers and divine intervention used to treat illness. Emphasis on saving the soul.
Lifespan 20-30 years
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| Middle ages 800 -1400 AD | Doctors began to keep careful notes and Plague kills 3/4 of population. Diseases such as smallpox, typhoid, malaria, and tuberculosis were prominent. Physicians began studying at medical universities.
Lifespan 20-35 years
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| Renaissance 1350 -1650 | Rebirth of science and medicine.
Development of the printing press.
Lifespan 30-40 years
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| 16th and 17th Centuries | Cause of disease still not known.
Apothecaries made, prescribed and sold medications.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented microscope .
William Harvey describes the circulation of blood.
Lifespan 35-45 years
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| 18th Century | Edward Jenner developed vaccination for smallpox .
Lifespan 40-50 years
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| 19th Century | Florence Nightingale founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross
Louis Pasteur proved that microbes caused disease
Bayer introduced aspirin in powder form
Lifespan 40-60 years
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| 20th Century | Francis Crick and James Watson discover DNA.
Sigmund Freud studies form the foundation for psychology.
Alexander Flemming discovers penicillin.
Lifespan 60-80 years
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| 21st Century | Human Genome mapped
Nanotechnology
Regenerative Medicine
Genomic Medicine
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| Hippocrates 460-377 BCE | Greek, father of Western medicine
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| Claudius Galen 129-199 | Roman physician, body regulated by four humors, described symptoms of inflammation and studied infectious diseases and dissected animals
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| Anton Van Leevwenhoek | Invented the microscope
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| Wilhelm Roentgen | Invented the x-ray
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| René Laennec | Invented stethoscope
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| Gabriel Fallopus | Discovered fallopian tubes and tympanum membrane
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| Gabriel Fahrenheit | Created first mercury Thermometer
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| Edward Jenner | Invented smallpox vaccine
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| Florence Nightingale | Founder of modern nursing
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| Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin
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| Louis Pasteur | Germ theory Microbes cause disease. Discovered pasteurization and rabies vaccine.
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| Elizabeth Blackwell | 1st women to receive medical degree
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| Benjamin Franklin | Invented bifocals in 18th century
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| Ambroise Pare | The father of Modern Surgery in 16th-17th century
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| Jonas Salk | Created Polio Vaccine
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| Marie Curie | Isolated radium in 1910
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| Leonardo Da Vinci | Artist who used dissection to draw the human body
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| Clara Barton | Founded the American Red Cross in 1881
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| Robert Koch | Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
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| Joseph Lister | Began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
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| Rhazes | An Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for structure material.
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| Caduceus | Symbol of the healing arts, Snakes are wise, Wings represent mercy. Staff represents learning and work it takes to get into the health field.
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| Rod of Asclepius | No wings, Only one snake
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| Ingaz Semmelweis | Identified the causes of childbed fever:
Lack of Hand washing!
He was laughed at by other doctors.
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| Anesthesia | Early physicians used herb, hashish & alcohol to relieve the pain of surgery. Many died from shock and pain. Loss of feeling or sensation
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| Genomic medicine | personalized medical care that uses a patients unique combination of genes and chromosome to prevent illness and maintain health.
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| Regenerative medicine | A form, of medical care that creates living tissue to replace tissue or organ function lost due to age, disease, injury or birth disorder.
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| Nanotechnology | A field of science that manipulates atoms and molecules to create devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies allow.
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