HumanBody8
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| Function of skeleton system | Support, protection, movement, storage, hematopoiesis
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| SSF Support | bones form the body's supporting framework, giving shape
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| SSF Protection | hard bony boxes protect delicate structures
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| SSF Movement | muscles are anchored to bones. as muscles contract and shorten, the pull on bones and thereby move them.
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| SSF Storage | bones play an important part in maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium
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| SSF Hematopoiesis | blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in red bonemarrow, which is soft connective tissue in some bones
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| Types of bones | long, short, flat and irregular
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| Structure of long bone | Diaphysis, Medullary, Epiphyses, Articular Cartliage, Periosteum, Endosteum
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| Diaphysis | Shaft, hollow tube of long bone made of hard compact bone
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| Medullary | hollow area inside the diaphysis of long bone
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| Epiphyses | ends of the long bone
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| Articular Cartliage | thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis
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| Periosteum | strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces
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| Endosteum | thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
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| basic structural unit of compact bone tissue | 1) Osteons, 2) Haversian system
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| Osteocytes | mature bone cells, lie between the hard layers of the lamellae in little spaces called lacunae
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| Cartilage | collagenous fibers are embedded in a firm gel
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| Ossification | is bone formation
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| Osteoblasts | are bone forming cells, lay down organic material first and followed by calcium salts
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| Axial skeleton | made of bones in center/axis of the body.
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| Axial skeleton bones | skull, spine, chest, hyoid bone. (80)
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| Appendicular skeleton | are bones(126) of Upper extremities and Lower extremities
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| Sutures | are immoveable joints located in the skull
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| Major vertebrae categories | Cervical(7), Thoracic(12), Lumbar(5)
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| False ribs | 8th, 9th, 10th pair are connected to the cartilage of the 7th rib pair
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| True ribs | 1-7 attached to the sternum by costal cartilage
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| Upper extremity bones | clavicle, Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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| Lower extremity bones | coxal, femur, patella. tibia, fibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
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| Coxal bone | hip bone, ( ilium, ischium, pubis )
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| Arches forming the foot | Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal. transverse (metatarsal)
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| Pelvis Female | hip of wider structure, pelvis has broader, shallower shape, pelvis inlet and outlet much wider than Male
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| Major joints in skeleton | Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
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| Synarthroses, | no movement, sutures between cranial bones
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| Amphiarthroses, | slight movement Symphysis pubis
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| Diarthroses | free movement, knee, hip, elbow
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| Malignant tumors that effect bones | Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma
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| metabolic bone disease Osteoporosis | Kyphosis of thoracic spine (dowager's hump)
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| Rickets | metabolic bone disease loss of minerals Vitamin D deficiency (young children),
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| Osteomalacia | metabolic bone disease loss of minerals Vitamin D deficiency (adults)
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| Osteomyelitis | general name for bacterial infection of bone and marrow tissue
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| Open fracture | bone fracture most likely result in infection and Osteomyelitis
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| Osteoarthritis | common noninflammatory disorder of movable joints
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | Ulnar deviation of finger inflammatory joint disease
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| Hyoid bone | located base of tongue, only bone that does not articulate with other bones
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| Fontanels | "soft spot" (6) ossification incomplete at birth,
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| Scapula | with clavicle (shoulder blade) it makes up the shoulder girdle
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| Sternum | manubrium, body and xiphoid process
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| Femur | longest and heaviest bone in body
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| Zygomatic | forms the cheek bone
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| Axial skeleton division | head, neck and torso
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| Lordosis | is an exaggerated thoracic curvature that is sometimes referred to as "sway back." This condition is often seen during pregnancy as the mother adjusts to changes in her center of gravity or may be seen as secondary to trauma.
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| Kyphosis | abnormal thoracic curvature and is sometimes called a "hunchback." It is often the result of a vertebral compression in osteoporosis
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| Scoliosis | refers to a lateral curvature, usually involving the thoracic vertebrae. It is a relatively common condition that appears before adolescence,
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| Hinge joint | elbow joint
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| Saddle joint | carpalmegacapals joint of thumb
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| Ball & socket joint | shoulder joint, hip joint
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| Metacarpals | These bones form the support structure for the palm of the hand.
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| endochondral ossification | Most bones of the body are formed from cartilage models in a process called
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| Osteoporosis | loss of bone mineral density and increased bone fragility
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| trabeculae | spongy bone characteristic assemblage of needle-like structure
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| osteon | structural unit of bone
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| canaliculi | open passageway in spongy bone
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| structures diarthrotic joints | Joint capsule, articular cartilage, ligaments
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| flexion & extension | knee joint movements
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| Gouty arthritis(gout) | is a metabolic condition in which uric acid increases in the blood.
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| joint capsule | is made of fibrous connective tissue and is lined with a smooth, slippery synovial membrane.
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| transplant of bone marrow | is a procedure that can possibly restore or enhance the body’s ability to form blood cells.
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| Cartilage structure | matrix is flexible gel-like substance and lacks blood vessels
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| osteoclasts | cell that resorb bone. (absorb again)
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| chondrocytes location | lacunae of cartilage
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| Bone category | Spongy / Compact
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| Ligament | fibrous connective tissue; connects bone to bone
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| systemic | pertaining to or affecting a particular body system.
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| patella | largest sesamoid bone in the body
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| flexion | reduces angle of a joint
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| Articulation | joints
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| condyloid joint | diarthrotic joint found between metacarpals and a distal
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| abduction | movement away from midline
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| fibrocartilage | Once this type of cartilage growth begins, it continues throughout life and is known as:
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