Blood, Lymph, and Immune- Rev. Defs
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| hemophilia | A hereditary disorder in which there is an impairment of the blood clotting mechanism.
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| hemoglobin | A specialized plasma protein containing iron which gives blood its red colour and also carries O2 to body tissues.
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| immunocompetent | Ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them.
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| edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body.
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| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | Abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood colts to form in vessels and cutting off the supply of O2 to distal tissues.
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| thrombocytopenia | Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen or liver.
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| hemosiderosis | Abnormal increase of iron in the blood.
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| leukocytosis | Abnormal increase of white cells.
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| lymphadenopathy | Any disease of the lymph nodes.
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| hemoglobinopathy | Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule.
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| immunotherapy | Any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease.
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| von Willebrand disease | Bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation.
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| antiserum | Blood serum that contains antibodies.
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| megakaryocyte | Cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets.
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| cytokine | Chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases or decreases activity in other cells.
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| pernicious anemia | Chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 needed for blood cell development.
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| blood | Composed of a liquid portion called plasma, and a solid portion containing RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
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| graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death.
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| phagocytosis | Condition of ingesting cells.
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| leukopenia | Decrease in white blood cells.
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| thrombocytopenia | Decrease of platelets.
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| erythropenia | Decreased red blood cells.
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| antimicrobials | Destroy bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, depending in the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle.
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| thrombolysis | Destruction of a clot.
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| hemolytic anemia | Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice.
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| erythrocytolysis | Destruction of red cells.
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| dyspnea | Difficulty breathing.
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| adenopathy | Disease of a gland.
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| thrombolytics | Dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands.
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| vertigo | Dizziness.
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| myeloblast | Embryonic WBC formed in bone marrow.
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| splenomegaly | Enlargement of the spleen.
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| autoimmune disease | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self"
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| hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells and platelets in the bone marrow.
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| bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging | Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma.
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| allergy injections | Injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies..
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| reticulocyte | Immature RBC.
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| folic-acid deficiency anemia | Inability to produce sufficient red blood cells due to the lack of folic acid, a B vitamin essential for erythropoiesis.
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| transfusion | Infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another.
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| homologous bone marrow transplant | Infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation; also called allogenic transplant
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| bone marrow transplant | Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers.
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| autologous bone marrow transplant | Infusion of the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
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| sickle cell anemia | Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent, or sickle-shaped when O2 levels are low.
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| lymphoscintigraphy | Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node.
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| iron-deficiency anemia | Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs.
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| monocyte | Leukocyte that is phagocytic; has a large nucleus.
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| eosinophil | Leukocyte that protects the body by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders.
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| basophil | Leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin; slightly phagocytic.
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| hematoma | Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in, or severing of a blood vessel.
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| hypotension | Low blood pressure.
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| multiple myeloma | Malignant tumour of plasma cells in the bone marrow.
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| erythrocyte | Mature red blood cell.
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| antifibrinolytics | Neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots.
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| monospot | Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstien-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis.
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| phlebotomy | Obtaining blood for the purpose of testing.
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| Immunologist | One who specializes in the study of protection.
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| hypochromic | Pertaining to decreases of colour.
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| thrombocyte | Platelet; initiates blood clotting.
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| sepsis | Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning.
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| fat-soluble vitamins | Prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused by vitamin K deficiency.
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| anticouagulants | Prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors.
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| antivirals | Prevent replication of viruses within host cells.
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| graft rejection | Process in which a recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue.
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| antibody | Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen.
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| tachycardia | Rapid heart beat.
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| erythema | Redness of the skin.
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| anemia | Reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells.
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| bone marrow aspiration | Removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle for microscopic examination.
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| lymphadenectomy | Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue.
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| sentinel node excision | Removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells.
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| thymectomy | Removal/excision of the thymus gland.
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| myeloid | Resembling bone marrow.
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| complete blood count | Series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts; platelet count; and differential count; also called hemogram.
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| aplastic (hypoplastic) anemia | Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure and resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
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| natural killer cells (NK) | Specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out.
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| hemocytoblast | stem cell. from which other blood cells develop.
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| antigen | Substance, recognized as harmful the the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual.
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| bile pigment | Substances derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver.
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| lymphedema | Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels.
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| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factor; also called activated partial thromboplastin time.
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| prothrombin time (PT) | Test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time.
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| blood culture | Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream.
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| Shilling test | Test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract.
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| antinuclear antibody (ANA) | Test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells.
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| plasma | The liquid portion of blood where blood cells are suspended.
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| neutrophil | The most numerous white cell, highly phagocytic.
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| morphology | The study of shape.
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| viscous | Thick, sticky.
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| myeloid tissue | Tissue which resembles the myelocyte of bone marrow.
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| lymphoma | Tumour of lymph tissue.
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| granulocyte | Type of white blood cell containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow.
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| agranulocyte | Type of white blood cell without granules.
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| biological | Use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, RA, and Crohn disease; also called biologic therapy or biotherapy.
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| lymphangiography | Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system.
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| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin.
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| lymphocytes | White blood cell in blood and lymphatic tissues; provides protection from bacteria.
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| leukocyte | White blood cell; prevents invasion of foreign microorganisms.
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| thrombocythemia | Overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations.
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