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Blue Module
Blood, Lymph, and Immune- Rev. Defs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hemophilia | A hereditary disorder in which there is an impairment of the blood clotting mechanism. |
| hemoglobin | A specialized plasma protein containing iron which gives blood its red colour and also carries O2 to body tissues. |
| immunocompetent | Ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them. |
| edema | Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body. |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | Abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood colts to form in vessels and cutting off the supply of O2 to distal tissues. |
| thrombocytopenia | Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen or liver. |
| hemosiderosis | Abnormal increase of iron in the blood. |
| leukocytosis | Abnormal increase of white cells. |
| lymphadenopathy | Any disease of the lymph nodes. |
| hemoglobinopathy | Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule. |
| immunotherapy | Any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease. |
| von Willebrand disease | Bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation. |
| antiserum | Blood serum that contains antibodies. |
| megakaryocyte | Cell with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets. |
| cytokine | Chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases or decreases activity in other cells. |
| pernicious anemia | Chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 needed for blood cell development. |
| blood | Composed of a liquid portion called plasma, and a solid portion containing RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. |
| graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death. |
| phagocytosis | Condition of ingesting cells. |
| leukopenia | Decrease in white blood cells. |
| thrombocytopenia | Decrease of platelets. |
| erythropenia | Decreased red blood cells. |
| antimicrobials | Destroy bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, depending in the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle. |
| thrombolysis | Destruction of a clot. |
| hemolytic anemia | Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice. |
| erythrocytolysis | Destruction of red cells. |
| dyspnea | Difficulty breathing. |
| adenopathy | Disease of a gland. |
| thrombolytics | Dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands. |
| vertigo | Dizziness. |
| myeloblast | Embryonic WBC formed in bone marrow. |
| splenomegaly | Enlargement of the spleen. |
| autoimmune disease | Failure of the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self" |
| hematopoiesis | Formation of blood cells and platelets in the bone marrow. |
| bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging | Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma. |
| allergy injections | Injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies.. |
| reticulocyte | Immature RBC. |
| folic-acid deficiency anemia | Inability to produce sufficient red blood cells due to the lack of folic acid, a B vitamin essential for erythropoiesis. |
| transfusion | Infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another. |
| homologous bone marrow transplant | Infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation; also called allogenic transplant |
| bone marrow transplant | Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers. |
| autologous bone marrow transplant | Infusion of the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. |
| sickle cell anemia | Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent, or sickle-shaped when O2 levels are low. |
| lymphoscintigraphy | Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node. |
| iron-deficiency anemia | Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs. |
| monocyte | Leukocyte that is phagocytic; has a large nucleus. |
| eosinophil | Leukocyte that protects the body by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders. |
| basophil | Leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin; slightly phagocytic. |
| hematoma | Localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in, or severing of a blood vessel. |
| hypotension | Low blood pressure. |
| multiple myeloma | Malignant tumour of plasma cells in the bone marrow. |
| erythrocyte | Mature red blood cell. |
| antifibrinolytics | Neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots. |
| monospot | Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstien-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis. |
| phlebotomy | Obtaining blood for the purpose of testing. |
| Immunologist | One who specializes in the study of protection. |
| hypochromic | Pertaining to decreases of colour. |
| thrombocyte | Platelet; initiates blood clotting. |
| sepsis | Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning. |
| fat-soluble vitamins | Prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused by vitamin K deficiency. |
| anticouagulants | Prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors. |
| antivirals | Prevent replication of viruses within host cells. |
| graft rejection | Process in which a recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue. |
| antibody | Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen. |
| tachycardia | Rapid heart beat. |
| erythema | Redness of the skin. |
| anemia | Reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells. |
| bone marrow aspiration | Removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle for microscopic examination. |
| lymphadenectomy | Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue. |
| sentinel node excision | Removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells. |
| thymectomy | Removal/excision of the thymus gland. |
| myeloid | Resembling bone marrow. |
| complete blood count | Series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts; platelet count; and differential count; also called hemogram. |
| aplastic (hypoplastic) anemia | Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure and resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. |
| natural killer cells (NK) | Specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out. |
| hemocytoblast | stem cell. from which other blood cells develop. |
| antigen | Substance, recognized as harmful the the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual. |
| bile pigment | Substances derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver. |
| lymphedema | Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels. |
| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factor; also called activated partial thromboplastin time. |
| prothrombin time (PT) | Test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time. |
| blood culture | Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream. |
| Shilling test | Test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract. |
| antinuclear antibody (ANA) | Test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells. |
| plasma | The liquid portion of blood where blood cells are suspended. |
| neutrophil | The most numerous white cell, highly phagocytic. |
| morphology | The study of shape. |
| viscous | Thick, sticky. |
| myeloid tissue | Tissue which resembles the myelocyte of bone marrow. |
| lymphoma | Tumour of lymph tissue. |
| granulocyte | Type of white blood cell containing granules; formed in the red bone marrow. |
| agranulocyte | Type of white blood cell without granules. |
| biological | Use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, RA, and Crohn disease; also called biologic therapy or biotherapy. |
| lymphangiography | Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system. |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin. |
| lymphocytes | White blood cell in blood and lymphatic tissues; provides protection from bacteria. |
| leukocyte | White blood cell; prevents invasion of foreign microorganisms. |
| thrombocythemia | Overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations. |
Created by:
spencertasha
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