Common Surgical Suffixes
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| -centesis | surgical puncture
ex. arthr/o/centesis: puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove accumulated fluid from a joint
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| -clasis | to break; surgical fracture
ex. oste/o/clasis: surgical fracture of a bone in order to correct a deformity
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| -desis | binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)
ex. arthr/o/desis: binding together of a joint
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| -ectomy | excision, removal
ex. append/ectomy: excision of the appendix
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| -lysis | separation; destruction; loosening
ex. thromb/o/lysis: dissolution of a blood clot
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| -pexy | fixation (of an organ)
ex. mast/o/pexy: surgical fixation of the breast(s)
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| -plasty | surgical repair
ex. rhi/o/plasty: surgical repair in which the structure of the nose is changed
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| -rrhaphy | suture
ex. my/o/rrhaphy: suture of a muscle
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| -stomy | forming an opening
ex. trache/o/stomy: artificial opening through the neck into the trachea into which a breathing tube is inserted
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| -tome | instrument to cut
ex. oste/o/tome: surgical instrument for cutting through bone
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| -tomy | incision
ex. trache/o/tomy: incision through the neck into the trachea
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| -tripsy | crushing
ex. lith/o/tripsy: crushing of a stone or calculus
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| -gram | record, writing
ex. electr/o/cardi/o/gram: graphic recording of the electrical activity of the heart
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| -graph | instrument for recording
ex.cardi/o/graph: instrument used to record electrical activity of the heart
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| -graphy | process of recording
ex. angi/o/graphy: radiographic image of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium
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| -meter | instrument for measuring
ex. pelv/i/meter: instrument for measuring the pelvis
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| -metry | act of measuring
ex. pelv/i/metry: act or process of determining the dimension of the pelvis
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| -scope | instrument for examining
ex. endo/scope: flexible or rigid instrument consisting of a tube and optical system for observing the inside of a hollow organ or cavity
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| -scopy | visual examination
ex. endo/scopy: visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
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| -algia -dynia | pain
ex. neur/algia: pain occuring along the path of a nerve
ex. ot/o/dynia: pain in the ear; earache
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| -cele | hernia, swelling
ex. hepat/o/cele: hernia of the liver
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| -ectasis | dilation, expansion
ex. bronchi/ectasis: abnormal dilation of one or more bronchi
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| -edema | swelling
ex. lymph/edema: swelling and accumulation of tissue fluid
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| -emesis | vomiting
ex. hyper/emesis: excessive vomiting
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| -emia | blood condition
ex. an/emia: a blood condition caused by iron deficiency or decrease in red blood cells
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| -gen -genesis | forming, producing, origin
ex. carcin/o/gen: substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence of cancer
ex. carcin/o/genesis: the process of initiating and promoting cancer
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| -iasis | abnormal condition (produced by something specific)
ex. chol/e/lith/iasis: presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
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| -itis | inflammation
ex. gastr/itis: inflammation of the stomach
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| -lith | stone, calculus
ex. chol/e/lith: gallstone
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| -malacia | softening
ex. chondr/o/malacia: softening of the articular cartilage, usually involving the patella
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| -megaly | enlargement
ex. cardi/o/megaly: enlargement of the heart
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| -oma | tumor
ex. neur/oma: tumor composed of nerve cells or swelling of a nerve that usually results from compression
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| -osis | abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
ex. cyan/osis: dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane
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| -pathy | disease
ex. my/o/pathy: any disease of muscle
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| -penia | decrease, deficiency
ex. erythr/o/penia: abnormal decrease in red blood cells
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| -phagia | eating, swallowing
ex. dys/phagia: inability or difficulty in swallowing
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| -phasia | speech
ex. a/phasia: absence or impairment of speech
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| -phobia | fear
ex. hem/o/phobia: fear of blood
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| -plasia -plasm | formation, growth
ex. dys/plasia: abnormal development of cells, tissues, or organs
ex. neo/plasm: a new and abnormal formation of tissue, such as a tumor or growth
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| -plegia | paralysis
ex. hemi/plegia: paralysis of one side of the body
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| -rrhage -rrhagia | bursting (of)
ex. hem/o/rrhage: loss of a large amount of blood within a short period, either externally or internally
ex. men/o/rrhagia: profuse discharge of blood during menstruation
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| -rrhea | discharge/flow
ex. dia/rrhea: abnormally frequent discharge or flow of fluid fecal matter from the bowel
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| -rrhexis | rupture
ex. arteri/o/rrhexis: rupture of an artery
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| -spasm | involuntary contraction, twitching
ex. blephar/o/spasm: twitching of the eyelid
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| -stenosis | narrowing, stricture
ex. arteri/o/stenosis: abnormal narrowing of an artery
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| -toxic | poison
ex. hepat/o/toxic: toxic to the liver
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| -trophy | nourishment, development
ex. dys/trophy: abnormal condition caused by defective nutrition or metabolism
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| -esis | condition
ex. di/ur/esis: abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
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| -ia | condition
ex. pneumon/ia: infection of the lung usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or diseases
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| -ism | condition
ex. hyper/thyroid/ism: condition characterized by overactivity of the thyroid gland
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| -iatry | medicine, treatment
ex. pod/iatry: specialty concerned with treatment and prevention of conditions of the human foot
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| -ician | specialist
ex. obstetr/ician: physician who specializes in the branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
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| -ist | specialist
ex. hemat/o/log/ist: physician who specializes in the treatment of disorders of blood and blood-forming tissues
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| -y | condition, process
ex. neur/o/path/y: disease of the nerves
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| -icle | small, minute
ex. ventr/icle: small cavity, as of the brain or heart
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| -ole | small, minute
ex. arteri/ole: the smallest of the arteries; minute artery
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| -ule | small, minute
ex. ven/ule: small vein continuous with a capillary
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| olig/o | few or deficienct
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| dendr/o | branching
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| encephal/o | entire brain
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