Cardiovascular Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Describe capillaries. | Join arterial system with venous system.
Most significant of blood vessels.
Provide cells with vital products.
Remove waste products from cells.
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| Describe the heart. | Hollow, muscular organ lying in the mediastinum that propels blood to entire body.
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| Describe the SA (sinoatrial) node | Located in upper portion of right atrium.
Has built-in rhythm.
Initiates and transmits each heart beat.
Sets basic pace for cardiac rate.
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| How do veins return blood to the heart? | skeletal muscle contraction.
gravity.
respiratory activity.
valves.
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| How is blood supplied to the heart muscle? | coronary arteries
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| Name the factors that influence blood pressure. | resistance of blood flow.
pumping action of heart.
viscosity of blood.
elasticity of arteries.
quantity of blood.
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| Name the four structures responsible for electrical conduction of the heart. | SA node
AV node
bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
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| Name the three layers of the heart. | Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
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| What are the three layers of artery walls? | tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima
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| What are the three major types of blood vessels? | arteries
capillaries
veins
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| What are valves? | Small structures within veins that prevent backflow of blood.
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| What is endocarditis? | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves.
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| What type of blood do arteries carry? | oxygenated
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| What type of blood do veins carry? | deoxygenated
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| Where is each heart valve located? | Tricuspid- right ventricle and right atrium
Pulmonic- pulmonary arteries and right ventricle
Bicuspid (aka) Mitral- left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic- aorta and left ventricle
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| angioplasty | any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels
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| cardioversion | applying controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest
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| deep vein thrombosis | blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body
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| thrombosis | blood clot that obstructs a vessel
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| bicuspid valve | blood passed from the left atrium to the left ventricle; aka mitral valve
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| pulmonary artery | carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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| pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs
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| beta-blockers | causes a decrease of heart rate and contractility
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| inferior vena cava | collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion to the right atrium
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| superior vena cava | collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion to the right atrium
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| varicose veins | condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged
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| hypertension | consistently elevated blood pressure
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| hypotension | decreased blood pressure
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| thrombolysis | destruction of a blood clot
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| catheter ablation | destruction of conductive tissue of the heart
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| necrosis | destruction of tissue (death)
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| stent | device used to hold open vessels
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| nitrates | dilate blood vessels of the heart
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| holter monitor test | ECG recording system capable of storing 24 to 48 hours of tracings
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| pericardium | fibrous sac which encloses the heart
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| atherosclerosis | form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of plaque in arteries
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening and narrowing of an artery
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| arrhythmia | inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm
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| insufficiency | inability of the valves to close properly
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| valvotomy | incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening
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| diuretics | increase excretion of water and sodium
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| endocardium | innermost layer of the heart
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| angina | intermittent chest pain
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| myocardial infarction | life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium
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| ischemia | local and temporary deficiency of blood supply
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| aneurysm | localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel
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| tricuspid valve | located between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | lowers blood pressure
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| statins | lowers cholesterol
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| embolism | mass lodged in a blood vessel
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| myocardium | muscular layer of the heart
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| coarctation | narrowing of a vessel
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| infarction | necrosis of tissue following cessation of blood supply
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| epicardium | outermost layer of the heart
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| cardiac catheterization | passage of a catheter into the heart
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| pulmonic valve | prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
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| laser ablation | procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
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| palpitation | sensation that the heart is not beating normally
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| lipid panel | series of tests used to assess risk of ischemic heart disease
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| bruit | soft blowing sound heard on ausculation
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| systole | the contraction phase of the heart
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| diastole | the relaxation phase of the heart
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| Doppler u/s | ultrasound that assesses different areas of the heart
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| echocardiography | ultrasound used to visualize internal cardiac structures
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| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm
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| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme
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| AF | atrial fibrillation
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| BBB | bundle branch block
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| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft
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| CC | cardiac catherterization
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| CCU | coronary care unit
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| CHD | coronary heart disease
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| CV | cardiovascular
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| DOE | dyspnea on exertion
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| DVT | deep vein thrombosis
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| ECG | electrocardiogram
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| ECHO | echocardiogram
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| EF | ejection fraction
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| HF | heart failure
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| HTN | hypertension
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| IV | intravenous
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| LA | left atrium
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| LV | left ventricle
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| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging
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| MVP | mitral valve prolapse
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| PAC | premature atrial contraction
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| SA | sinoatrial
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| VT | ventricular tachycardia
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Created by:
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