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Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe capillaries. | Join arterial system with venous system. Most significant of blood vessels. Provide cells with vital products. Remove waste products from cells. |
| Describe the heart. | Hollow, muscular organ lying in the mediastinum that propels blood to entire body. |
| Describe the SA (sinoatrial) node | Located in upper portion of right atrium. Has built-in rhythm. Initiates and transmits each heart beat. Sets basic pace for cardiac rate. |
| How do veins return blood to the heart? | skeletal muscle contraction. gravity. respiratory activity. valves. |
| How is blood supplied to the heart muscle? | coronary arteries |
| Name the factors that influence blood pressure. | resistance of blood flow. pumping action of heart. viscosity of blood. elasticity of arteries. quantity of blood. |
| Name the four structures responsible for electrical conduction of the heart. | SA node AV node bundle of His Purkinje fibers |
| Name the three layers of the heart. | Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium |
| What are the three layers of artery walls? | tunica externa tunica media tunica intima |
| What are the three major types of blood vessels? | arteries capillaries veins |
| What are valves? | Small structures within veins that prevent backflow of blood. |
| What is endocarditis? | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves. |
| What type of blood do arteries carry? | oxygenated |
| What type of blood do veins carry? | deoxygenated |
| Where is each heart valve located? | Tricuspid- right ventricle and right atrium Pulmonic- pulmonary arteries and right ventricle Bicuspid (aka) Mitral- left atrium and left ventricle Aortic- aorta and left ventricle |
| angioplasty | any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels |
| cardioversion | applying controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest |
| deep vein thrombosis | blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body |
| thrombosis | blood clot that obstructs a vessel |
| bicuspid valve | blood passed from the left atrium to the left ventricle; aka mitral valve |
| pulmonary artery | carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs |
| beta-blockers | causes a decrease of heart rate and contractility |
| inferior vena cava | collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the lower portion to the right atrium |
| superior vena cava | collects and carries deoxygenated blood from the top portion to the right atrium |
| varicose veins | condition which develops when the valves of the veins are damaged |
| hypertension | consistently elevated blood pressure |
| hypotension | decreased blood pressure |
| thrombolysis | destruction of a blood clot |
| catheter ablation | destruction of conductive tissue of the heart |
| necrosis | destruction of tissue (death) |
| stent | device used to hold open vessels |
| nitrates | dilate blood vessels of the heart |
| holter monitor test | ECG recording system capable of storing 24 to 48 hours of tracings |
| pericardium | fibrous sac which encloses the heart |
| atherosclerosis | form of arteriosclerosis characterized by deposits of plaque in arteries |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening and narrowing of an artery |
| arrhythmia | inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm |
| insufficiency | inability of the valves to close properly |
| valvotomy | incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening |
| diuretics | increase excretion of water and sodium |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| endocardium | innermost layer of the heart |
| angina | intermittent chest pain |
| myocardial infarction | life-threatening condition characterized by necrosis in the myocardium |
| ischemia | local and temporary deficiency of blood supply |
| aneurysm | localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel |
| tricuspid valve | located between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | lowers blood pressure |
| statins | lowers cholesterol |
| embolism | mass lodged in a blood vessel |
| myocardium | muscular layer of the heart |
| coarctation | narrowing of a vessel |
| infarction | necrosis of tissue following cessation of blood supply |
| epicardium | outermost layer of the heart |
| cardiac catheterization | passage of a catheter into the heart |
| pulmonic valve | prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle |
| laser ablation | procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins |
| palpitation | sensation that the heart is not beating normally |
| lipid panel | series of tests used to assess risk of ischemic heart disease |
| bruit | soft blowing sound heard on ausculation |
| systole | the contraction phase of the heart |
| diastole | the relaxation phase of the heart |
| Doppler u/s | ultrasound that assesses different areas of the heart |
| echocardiography | ultrasound used to visualize internal cardiac structures |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| AF | atrial fibrillation |
| BBB | bundle branch block |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CC | cardiac catherterization |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECG | electrocardiogram |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| EF | ejection fraction |
| HF | heart failure |
| HTN | hypertension |
| IV | intravenous |
| LA | left atrium |
| LV | left ventricle |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| PAC | premature atrial contraction |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| SA | sinoatrial |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| VT | ventricular tachycardia |
Created by:
JessP
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