Services and Settlements - AP Human Geography, Chapter 12, Rubenstein
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| Basic industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to customers outside the settlement
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| Business sevices | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services
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| Central place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area
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| Central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services - larger settlements are fewer and father apart and provide services to people willing to travel
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| Clustered rural settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement
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| Consumer services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services
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| Dispersed rural settlement | A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villiages
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| Economic base | A community's collection of basic industries
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| Enclosure movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 1700s
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| Gravity model | A model that says that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
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| Market area | The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services
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| Nonbasic industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
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| Primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
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| Primate city rule | A pattern of settlements in a country in which the largest settlement has twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
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| Public services | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection to citizens and businesses
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| Range (of a service) | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
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| Rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country in which the nth largest settlement is 1/nth the size of the largest
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| Threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support a service
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| Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and number of people living in urban settlements
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