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AP Human Ch.12 Vocab
Services and Settlements - AP Human Geography, Chapter 12, Rubenstein
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basic industries | Industries that sell their products or services primarily to customers outside the settlement |
| Business sevices | Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services |
| Central place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area |
| Central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services - larger settlements are fewer and father apart and provide services to people willing to travel |
| Clustered rural settlement | A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement |
| Consumer services | Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services |
| Dispersed rural settlement | A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villiages |
| Economic base | A community's collection of basic industries |
| Enclosure movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 1700s |
| Gravity model | A model that says that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service |
| Market area | The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services |
| Nonbasic industries | Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community |
| Primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement |
| Primate city rule | A pattern of settlements in a country in which the largest settlement has twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement |
| Public services | Services offered by the government to provide security and protection to citizens and businesses |
| Range (of a service) | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service |
| Rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country in which the nth largest settlement is 1/nth the size of the largest |
| Threshold | The minimum number of people needed to support a service |
| Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and number of people living in urban settlements |
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