Bacterial Growth Requirements and Gram Staining
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| What ingredient converts liquid to solid medium? | Agar
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| Selective Media | Inhibits growth of certain organisms and permits growth of others
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| Differential Media | Gives colonies of a particular organism a distinct appearance (makes them all look different)
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| Enrichment Media | Contains complexed materials that certain fastidious organisms require to grow
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| Nutritive Media | Grows a wide number of bacteria
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| Bacterial Colony | Macroscopic growth
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| Streak Plate Method | Isolated Colonies
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| Pure Culture | Single Species or kind
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| Crystal Violet | Primary stain (applied first)
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| Iodine | Mordant
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| Acetone/Alcohol | Decolorizer
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| Safranin | Counter Stain
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| What color is Gram Stain | Purple--resist decolorization and keep the primary stain
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| What color is Gram Negative | Red--Easily decolorized - take up counter stain
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| What do the first and second names of microbes denote | Genus Species
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| How are the first and second names written | Genus - Capital
Species - lower
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| What are characteristics that bacterial cells have in common | Rigid cell wall,Flagella, Unicellular, Binary Fission, DNA & RNA
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| Describe - Cell Wall | Varies in composition, accounts for different Gram stain
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| Describe - Plasma Membrane | Regulates passage of material in and out of cell walls
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| Describe - Nucleoid | Genetic mat'l - DNA & RNA
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| Describe - Capsule | Sticky, gummy6 envelope secreted by some bacteria. Protects from phagocytosis
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| Describe - Flagella | Aids in locomotion (movement)
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| Describe Spore/Endospore | Thick wall, oval body resistant to (adverse conditions) killing or being killed
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| Define - Aerobe | (Humans) - will grow in the presence of free oxygen
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| Describe - Anaerobe | (Fish) - cannot grow in the presence of free oxygen (cannot tolerate)
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| Describe Facultative Anaerobe | Basically an aerobe but can grow in the absence of free oxygen (survive a wide range of conditions - hard to kill off)
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| Define - Obligate Anaerobe | Can grow only in the complete absence of free oxygen (very difficult to grow - fussy)
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| What pH is best for bacterial growth | pH 7 - can tolerate a narrow range from 6 - 8
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| What is the best time to use bacterial cultures for lab studies` | 18 - 24 hours
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| What are exotoxins | Exit - some bacteria make poison called toxins
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| What are endotoxins | Release when the cell is destroyed, because they are bound to the cell wall
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| What is the Gram reaction of bacteria that produce exotoxins? | Gram Positive - Diptheria, Tetnas, Gangreen
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| What is the Gram reaction of bacteria that produce endotoxins? | Gram Negative - Salmonella, Cholera
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| Exotoxins | Gram Positive
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| Endotoxins | Gram Negative
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