general studies
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| The T wave on an ECG tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? | repolarization of the ventricles
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| What anatomical structure located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign bodies from entering the trachea? | epiglottis
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| Which of the following structures is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an anesthetized patient is lying in a supine posistion? | tongue
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| Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through which of the following vessels? | pulmonary artery
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| Which of the following is the normal sequences for the flow of blood through the heart and lungs? | Right atrium,right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
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| The small, sac like structures located at the end of the respiratory tract in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called | alveoi
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| Which of the following structures may be involved in a patient who has an upper respiratory infection? | Nose, sinuses and pharynx
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| The soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus is called the | epiglottis
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| An artery located in the neck that is readily palpated when looking for a patients pulse is the | common carotid
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| Which part of the eye loses its reflex action first during the induction of anesthesia? | eyelid
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| A patient with a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) has had a temporary lessening of | blood supply to the brain
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| Ischemic heart disease is a result of | decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries
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| The main purpose of the review of systems is to obtain a careful evaluation of the patients | medical history
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| A patient who has renal disease would be expected to have difficulty with which of the following? Drug excretion, drug metabolism, use of insulin, effective local anesthesia | Drug excretion
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| The medical history is NOT used to document | the socioeconomic status of the patient
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| Congestive heart failure can result in all of the following EXCEPT...bronchospasm, shortness of breath, pitting dependent edema or ascites | Bronchospasm
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| normal blood oxygen saturation is an ASA (class)I patient ranges from? | 95%-100%
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| Which of the following statement about the ASA physical status classification of patients is FALSE? | it allows a surgeon to anesthetize a class V patient routinely
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| Patients with diabetes are at risk for oral and maxillofacial surgery because they | are subject to postoperative infections
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| A patient who has had a myocardial infarction should wait how many months before having elective surgery? | 6
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| Diazepam (valium) is used in outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery to | sedate the patient
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| Barbiturates are detoxified primarily in the | liver
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| Rapid administration of anesthetic does of methohexital (brevital) can result in 1-hiccups 2 tachycardia 3- respiratory depression | All of them
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| The reason that methohexital (brevitol) is considered to be ultrashort acting is because it is | Not as highly bound to fat as thiopental
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| Oxygen is approximately what percent of room air | 20%
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| Naloxon ( Narcan) is used primarily as | a narcotic antagonsist
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| Recovery from ketamine (ketalar) anesthetics is sometimes associated with | bad dreams
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| Local anesthetic containing epinephrine should be used cautiosly in patients who have | cardiac dysrhythmias
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| which of the following is the major advantage for using propofol (diprovan) over methohecital (brevitol) | Lower incidence of nausea and a shorter duration
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| Which of the following is an advantage of using a local anesthetic alone? 1. A preoperative history is not necessary, 2-the patient does not have to be NPO, 3-The patient can be left alone just after the injection 4- A driver is not necessary | 2 & 4
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| in the united states, the standard color for a nitrous oxide cylinder is what color | Blue
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| Blood pressure levels will most likely be falsely LOW when using | an adult arm cuff on a small child
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| A monitoring device that gives information about both circulation and ventilation is the | Pulse Oximeter
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| Ventilation can be monitored continously by | use of an automated sphygomanometer (bp), Auscultation in the precordial or pretracheal region, and Observation of the rebreathing bag
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| A rocking or "see-sawing" rythm of the chest and abdomen may indicate | airway obstruction
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| An increased heart rate may be caused by | a painful stimuli
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| Capnography measure the.... | level of carbon dioxide expired in each breath.
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| Syncope is the result of | decreased cerebral blood flow
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| Cricothyroidotomy is the emergency procedure used to establish an airway when a patient experiences | upper airway obstruction that prevents ventilation
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| Angina pectorois is most likely to be caused by | heart disease
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| The most important reason an intravenous line should be established when a myocardial infarction is suspected is | medications can be administered
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| Which of the arrhythmias is most dangerous?? | ventricular fibrillation
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| The drug of choice for management of grand mal seizures is IV administration of | Diazapam (valium)
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| Analgesia | insensitivity to pain- ie analgesic =pain killer
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| Antecubital | situated in front of the elbow
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| Anxiolytics | drugs that reduce anxiety ;ie: diazepram (valium), midazolam (versed)
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| Apnea | absence or cessation of breathing
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| Antiemetic | a drug that counteracts nausea and vomiting
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| Artery | a vessel that carries blood away from the heart to otherparts of the body
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| Asystole | cardiac arrest in which there is no rhythm display and no contraction
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| Barbiturates | a group of pharmacologic agents that have a sedative properties and produce amnesia and a hypnotic effect (brevital)
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| Bradycardia | slow heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute)
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| Bundle of His | a small band of atypical cardiac muscle fibers that propagates the atrial contraction rhythm to the ventricles
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| Capnography | measurement and recording of the amount of carbon dioxide in expired air.
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| Center of Emotion | a group of structures in the central portion of the brain stem that has an inhibitory influences on the heart action via the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve)
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| Emergence | the awakening or return of consciousness of a petient following anesthesia.
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| hypercarbia | an increased level of carbon dioxide
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| hyperpyrexia | an increased body temperature
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| Hypertension | abnormally high blood pressure
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| hypotension | abnormally low blood pressure
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| hypoxia | low levels of oxygen in the bodys tissue
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| induction | the initiation of a state of unconsciousness during anesthesia
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| inferior alveolar artery | artery that supplies blood to the mandible, teeth, lower lip and chin
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| Inferior vena cave | the venous trunk from the lower extremities and abdominal viscera that empties blood into the right atrium of the heart.
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| Ischemia | deficiency of blood to a body part, due to functional constriction of obstruction of a blood vessel.
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| normal sinus rhythm | the normal rhythm of the heart containing P waves, QRS complexes and T waves with a regular rate of 60-100bpm
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| NPO | Nothing by mouth (nil per os)
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| P wave | a wave appearing on an ECG tracing that reflects the electrical activity that produces contraction of the atria.
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| Paroxysmal tachycardia | a condition marked by sudden attacks of rapid heartbeats
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| PO (per os) | By mouth
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| Potentiate | to make stronger or enhance the effect of a drug or anesthetic agent
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| QRS complex | an element appearing on an ECG tracing that reflects the activity that produces ventricular contraction.
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| Review of systems | an organized set of questions asked during history taking that address each of the major body systems.
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| Syncope | temporary suspension of consciousness due to generalized cerebral ischemia; fainting
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| T wave | the EKG wave form that represents repolarization of the ventricles.
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| Tachycardia | fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute)
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| Tidal volume | the amount of gas that is inspired or expired during one respiratory cycle.
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| Ventricular tachycardia | a cardiac dysrhythmia in which there is rapid firing of an ectopic focus in the ventricles (with a rate of 140-200bpm) and a wide QRS complex with no p wave
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| the Mallampati Classification is what? | the visual analysis of the oral/oropharyngeal anatomy.
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| Mallampati Classification Class I | you can see the soft palate, fauces, uvula, anterior and posterior pillars
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| Mallampati Classification Class II | you can see the soft palate, fauces and uvula
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| Mallampati Classification Class III | you can see the soft palate and the base of the uvula.
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| Mallampati Classification Class IV | Soft palate is not visible at all
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| Ketamine relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, which makes ketamine particularly useful in what type of patients? | Asthmatic
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