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Ap World History - Summerville High School

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Term
Definition
Taika reforms   attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.  
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Tale of Genji   written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society.  
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Fujiwara   mid-9th-century Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power.  
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bushi   regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies.  
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samurai   mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor.  
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seppuku   ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor.  
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Taira   powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars.  
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Minamoto   defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th-century Japan.  
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Gempei wars   waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira.  
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bakufu   military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai.  
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shoguns   military leaders of the bakufu.  
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Hojo   a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor.  
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Ashikaga Takuaji   member of Minamoto family; overthrew Kamakura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.  
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Ashikaga Shogunate   replaced the Kamakura regime and ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority.  
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daimyos   warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states.  
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Choson   earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 B.C.E.  
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Koguryo   tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification.  
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Silla   Korean kingdom in southeast; became a vassal of the Tang and paid tribute; ruled Korea from 668.  
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Paekche   independent Korean kingdom in southwestern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century.  
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Sinification   extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions.  
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Yi   dynasty (1392–1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.  
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Khmers   Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi.  
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Trung sisters   leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society.  
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Chams   Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.  
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Nguyen   southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi.  
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Trinh   dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south.  
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