The Nervous System
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| General Senses | Touch, Pressure, Stretch, Hot, Cold and Pain. Receptors for general senses are located thru out the body
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| Thermoreceptors | Temperature
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| Nociceptors | Pain receptors, respond to tissue injury
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| Mechanoreceptors | Touch, vibration, stretch and pressure
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| Receptors in the Skin | Free nerve ending, Tactile corpuscles, Hair receptors, Lamellar corpuscles, Bulbous corpuscles and Tactile disk
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| Free Nerve Ending | Dendrites with no associated with connective tissue, Widspread, Respond to heat, cold and pain
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| Tactile Corpuscles | Mechanoreceptor for light, toch and texture(the difference between silk and sand paper)
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| Hair Recptors | Mechanoreceptors for any light touch that bends the hair
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| Lamellar Corpuscles | Mechanoreceptors for deep pressure(something smashing you), stretch and vibration
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| Bulbous Corpuscles | Mechanorecptorss for heavy touch, pressure and stretching of the skin
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| Tactile Disk | Mechanoreceptor for light touch
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| General Senses in the Skin | Neurons for general senses send messages on the type of touch were receiving(hot,deep,stretch), location, intensity and thr duration of the sensation
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| Cranial Nerve General Senses | Responsible for sensation related to our head
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| Spinal Nerve General Senses | Responsible for sensation below the head
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| Referred Pain | Pain signals from the internal organs often follow the same pathways as skin receptors. not actually felt in the organ
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| Sensation Messages | Sent to the Hypothalamus or Amygdala may initiate an emotional response
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| Special Senses located in the head | Taste, Smell, Hearing, Equilibrium and vision
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| Smell | Bipolar Neuron in shape, Olfactory cell, that stick out the mucosa in the nasal cavitiy thru the cribiform plate to the brain.
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| Olfactory Hairs in Mucosa | Are Chemoreceptors
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| Phyiology of Smell | The pathway for smells involves the olfactory nerve and does not go thru the thalamus on its way to the frontal lobe
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| Pathway for Smell | Bipolar Neuron- CNI- Temporal Lobe(general sensory area) to the Frontal Lobe(decision area) or Hypothalamus and amygdala( emotional response)
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| Taste | sense organ is the taste bud
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| Taste Buds | Located mostly on the tongue and contain different cells. within taste buds are taste hairs that are chemoreceptors
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| Basal Cells in Taste Bud | Stem cells that replace dead taste cells
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| Support Cells | Physically support the 50-150 taste cells in each taste bud
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| Primary Taste | Salt,sweet,sour,bitter and umani (delicious)
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| Interperting Taste | 80% smell
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| Pathway for Taste | 3 Cranial nerve- Medulla Oblongata- to the pons, midbrain, thalamus, to the parietal lobe or to the hypothalamus and amygala
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| Hearing | The ear can be divided into 3 sections: External ear, the middle ear and the inner ear
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| External Ear 2 Parts | Pinna and External Auditory Canal
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| Pinna/Auricle (fleshy part) | Funnel like structure made of cartliage and skin, attached to side of head
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| External Auditory Canal | Short tube extending from pinna to eardrum, has ceruminous glands
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| Cerumen | Ear wax
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| Sound Waves | Hit the pinna enter the auditory canal to the middle ear
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| Middle Ear 4 components | Typanic Membrane(Eardrum), Typanic Cavity, Auditory Tube and Ear Ossicles
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| Typanic Membrane | Stretched piece of membrane inside the auditory canal, outside covered in skin inside covered in mucous membrane
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| Typanic Cavity | Filled with air in the temporal bone, helps to process sound
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| Auditory Tube | Connects typanic cavity with the pharynx, equalizing air pressure behind the ear so the eardrum can function properly
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| Ear Ossicles | 3 tiny bones Mallus, Incus and Stapes interact with eachother to transmit sound waves
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| Vibrations from Typanic Membrane | Pass from the Malleus(takes sounds from the typanic membrane) to the Incus to the Stapes then vibrates on the oval window of inner ear
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| Inner Ear | 2 series of tubes and chambers one inside the other.
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