Chapter 8 Glossary
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| Allograft | Transplanting tissue obtained from a donor of the same species.
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| Ankylosis | Stiffening of the joint
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| Ankylosing Spondylitis | A disease causing the bones of the spine to grow together
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| Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) | A ligament located in the center of the knee controlling rotation and forward movement of the tibia (shin bone)
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| Arthritis | Inflammation of a joint; usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and sometimes changes in structure.
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| Arthrogram | X-ray to view bone structures, follows an injection of contrast fluid in the joint area
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| Arthroscopy | Minimally-invasive, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedure used for conditions of a joint
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| Arthropathy | Pathology or abnormality of a joint and arthritic conditions
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| Autograft | Transplanting tissue into a new position in or on the body of the same individual
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| Bursa | Fluid-filled sac located between a bone and a tendon or muscle
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| Burstitis | Swelling and irritation of the bursa
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| Bunion | Inflammation and deformity in the joint of the big toe.
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| Capsulitis | Inflammation of the tissues; also called synovitis.
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| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Median Nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpel tunnel (a confined space) in the wrist
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| Cartilage | Smooth material covering bone ends of a joint to cushion bones; allows the joint to move easily
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| Cubital Tunnel | A tunnel of muscle, ligament, and bone on the inside of the elbow
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| Dislocation | Occurs when extreme force is put on ligament causing two bone ends to separate
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| Dorsopathies | Disorders affecting the spinal column
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| Electromyogram (EMG) | A test to evaluate nerve and muscle function
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| Enesthopathy | Disease occurring at the site of attachment of a ligament or muscle tendons to bones or joint capsules
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| Femur | Thigh Bone
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| Fibromyalgia (Fibrositis) | Chronic, widespread pain in muscles and soft tissues surrounding the joints throughout the body
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| Fracture | A break in a bone
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| Gout | Result of a defect in body chemistry (such as uric acid in the joints fluid); this painful condition most often attacks small joints
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| Hammertoe | Bent deformity in the middle toe joint
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| Heel Spur | Bone growth on the heel bone
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| Humerus | Bone of the upper arm
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| Inflammation | Normal reaction to injury or disease, results in swelling, pain, and stiffness
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| Joint | Place where the ends of two or more bones meet
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| Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) | Form of Arthritis on children ages 16 or younger causing inflammation and stiffness of joints
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| Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) | Ligament giving stability to the outer knee
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| Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) | Caused by damage to tendons bending the wrist backward away from the palm
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| Ligaments | White, shiny, flexible band of fibrous tissue binding joints together and connecting bones and cartilage
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| Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) | Ligament giving stability to the inner knee
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| Medial Epicondylitis | Condition in the elbow caused by damage to the tendons bending the wrist toward the palm
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| Meniscus | Cresent-shaped disc of connective tissue between the bones of the knee acting as a shock absorber to cushion the lower part of the leg
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| Morton's Neuroma | Pinched nerve usually causing pain between the third and fourth toes
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| Musculoskeletal System | Complex system involving the body's muscles and skeleton, including the joints, ligaments, tendons, and nerves
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| Myelogram | Injection of a dye or contrast material into the spinal canal; a specific X-ray study also allowing careful evaluation of the spinal canal and nerve roots
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| Nursemaids elbow | Partial dislocation of the elbow or proximal radial head common in small children.
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| Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) | The insertion of metal rods, wires, pins, nails, or plates are placed to surgically repair fractured bones, usually through an incision over the fracture site
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| Osteoarthritis | Wear and tear causing inflammation of the joint, resulting in swelling, pain, and stiffness
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| Osteomyeltis | An inflammation of the bone and/or bone marrow caused by infection
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| Osteoporosis | Porous bone developing when bone no longer is replaced as quickly as it is removed.
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| Pathologic Fracture | Bone fracture caused by disease, not accident or injury
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| Patella | Kneecap
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| Plantar Fascia | Long band of connecting tissue running from the heel to the ball of the foot
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| Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) | Ligament located in the back of the knee controlling backward movement of the tibia (shin bone)
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| Prosthesis | Artificial body part replacement
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| Radius | Shorter of the two bones in the forearm
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Inflammatory disease involving the lining of the joints (synovium)
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| Scleroderma | Disease of the body's connective tissue causing thickening and hardening of the skin
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| Scoliosis | Lateral, or sideways, curvature and rotation of vertebrae
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| Soft Tissues | Ligaments, tendons, and muscles of the musculoskeletal system
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| Spondylosis | Osteoarthritis of the spine
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| Spondylitis | Inflammation of the spine
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| Spinal Stenosis | Narrowing of the spinal canal
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| Sprain | Partial or complete tear of the ligament
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| Strain | Partial or complete tear of a muscle or a tendon
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| Stress Fracture | Bone injury caused by overuse
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| Synovial Fluid | Clear fluid released by the synovial membrane, acts as a lubricant for joints and tendons
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| Tendon | Tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones
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| Tendonitis | Inflammation in a tendon or the tendon covering
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| Tibia | Shin bone or larger bone of the lower leg
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| Trigger Finger | Irritation of the digital sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons of the finger
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| Ulnar Bone | Longer of the two bones in the forearm
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