Later Middle Ages
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| During the Middle Ages, power in Europe shifted from nobles to | popes and kings
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| As popes tried to increase their power, aside from bishops they also came into conflict with | kings
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| According to the compromise of 1122, which list is in order from most to least powerful? | popes, kings, bishops, priests
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| Those who believed that the Pope should be the ultimate authority created the________ . | Roman Catholic Church
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| During the Middle Ages, responsibilities of the Pope included all of the following except | approving new empires and emperors.
deciding what the church would teach.
excommunicating or casting out any offenders.
maintaining order through alliances as well as warfare.
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| The throne was inherited in which kingdom? | England and France
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| In the Holy Roman Empire, the leader was _________________. | elected by nobles and chosen by the Pope
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| When the church split, which group agreed with the Pope and wanted him to control the whole church? | Roman Catholic
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| After the divide of the church, Eastern Orthodox people agreed with the __________, while Roman Catholics agreed with the __________. | Bishops, Pope
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| Which of the following happened first? | Peasant Crusaders attacked Jews in Germany.
Saladin successfully defended Jerusalem against King Richard I.
Crusaders attacked Constantinople.
Pope Urban II called on Christians to fight the Muslim Turks.
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| What was the outcome of the Crusades? | The Holy Land remained under Muslim control
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| What occurred as a result of the Crusades? | Trade between Europe and Asia increased.
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| After the Crusades, what happened? | there was strong political and religious tension throughout Europe kings had more power and controlled more land
trade increased between Europe and Asia
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| Why did later Crusades fail? | the crusaders were outnumbered the desert climate was a challenge
there were arguments among Christian leaders
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| What was the goal of the First Crusade? | retake the Holy Land
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| Crusaders were victorious in the First Crusade and retook the city of | Jerusalem
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| What did the crusaders discover about their enemies? | they were far more advanced than thought
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| The term "Crusade" is Latin and means "marked with a __________." | cross
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| With the success of the First Crusade, Christians retook Jerusalem and _____________. | began trade with England
created the Lord/Vassal system
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| Clergy members often called upon to advise local rulers in political and social matters were ______ . | bishops
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| A pilgrimage can be described as a journey to ______________. | any holy or sacred place
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| Where did friars live? | villages
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| What is a pilgrim? | a person who journeys to a religious location
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| How were the lives of friars different from the lives of monks? | Friars lived with the general public; monks lived apart in monasteries.
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| Who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in Europe? | church leaders
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| Most art and architecture created in the Middle Ages was | concerned with religious expression
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| Clergy members often called upon to advise local rulers in political and social matters were ______ . | bishops
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eherbkersman
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