Mosby's Essential Sciences - Chapter 3 - Definitions
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| Acupuncture | The practice of inserting needles at specific points on meridians, or channels, to stimulate or sedate energy flow to regulate or alter body function.
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| Biomechanics | The principles and methods of mechanics applied to the structure and function of the human body.
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| Charting | The process of keeping a written record of a client or patient.
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| Combining vowel | A vowel added between two roots or a root and a suffix to make pronunciation of the word easier.
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| Disharmony | Distortions in health that result when the functions or systems are neither balanced nor working at their optimum.
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| Kinematics | A branch of mechanics that involves the time, space, ad mass aspects of a moving system.
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| Kinesiology | The study of movement.
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| Kinetics | Those forces causing movement in a system.
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| Mechanics | The branch pf physics dealing with the study of forces and the motion produced by their actions.
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| Prefix | A word element added to the beginning of a root to change the meaning of the word.
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| Qi | Also known as Chi, Qi, refers to the life force.
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| Root | A word element that contains the basic meaning of the word.
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| Suffix | A word element added to the end of a root to change the meaning of the word.
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| Word elements | The parts of a word; the prefix, root, and suffix.
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| Yin/yang | Terms used to describe polar relationships; it refers to the dynamic balance between opposing forces and the continual process of creation and destruction.
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| A, an- | without or not
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| Ab- | Away from
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| Acr(o)- | Extremity, tip
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| Ad- | Toward
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| Alba- | White
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| Ambi- | Both, on sides
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| Ana- | Upward, backward, excessive, through
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| Andr(o) | Male
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| Ankyl(o) | Crooked, fused
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| Ante- | Before, forward
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| Anti- | Against, opposed
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| Audi- | Hear
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| Auto- | Self
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| Bi- | Double, two
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| Bio- | Life, Living matter
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| Brach- | Short
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| Brady(o)- | Slow, short, dull
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| Carcin(o)- | Cancer, Malignant
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| Cata- | Down, negative, under, against, lower
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| Caud- | Tail, Inferior
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| Centi(i) | Hundred
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| Chron(i, o, us) | Time, Long time
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| Circum- | Around
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| Contra- | Against, Opposite
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| Counter- | Agains, Opposite
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| Cry(m,o) | Cold
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| De- | Down, from, away from, not
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| Dext- | Right
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| Di- | Two, double, twice
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| Dia- | Across, through, apart
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| Dis- | Seperation, away from
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| Febri(i,o)- | Fever, boil
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| Fract- | Break, broken
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| Fund- | Base, bottom
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| Gen- | Beginning, origin, produce
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| Gluc- | Sweet, sugar, glucose
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| Gyn(a,e,eco,o)- | Female
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| Hemi- | Half
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| Heter- | Other, difference
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| Hol- | Whole, all
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| Hom(eo,o)- | Unchanged, alike, same
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| Hyg(ei, ie)- | Health
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| Hyper- | Excessive, too much, high
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| Hypo- | Under, decreased, less than normal
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| Iatr(o)- | Physician
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| Idio- | Distinct, peculiar to the individual
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| Immuno- | Protection
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| In- | In, into, within, not
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| Infra- | Beneath
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| Inter- | Between
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| Intra- | Within
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| Intro- | Into, within
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| Iso- | Equal, like, identical
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| Juxta- | Adjoining, near to
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| Kyph(o)- | Bend, hump
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| Lacto(o)- | Milk
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| Lateral(al,o)- | Side
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| Leuk- | White
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| Levo- | Left
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| Macro- | Large
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| Mal- | Bad, illness, disease
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| Mega- | Large
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| Onc(o)- | Tumor, mass
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| Ortho(o)- | Straight, erect, correct
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| Osm(io,o)- | Smell, odor
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| Oxy- | Sharp, acute, acid
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| Palp- | Touch, feel
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| Pan- | All
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| Para- | Abnormal, near
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| Path(o)- | Disease, suffering
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| Pept(o)- | Digestion
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| Per- | By, through
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| Peri- | Around
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| Phag(o)- | Eat, consume
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| Pharmaco- | Drugs, poison, medication
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| Physio- | Natural, physical agents
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| Poly- | Many, much
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| Post- | After, behind
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| Pre- | Before, in front of
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| Pro- | Before, in front of
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| Pseudo- | False
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| Quadra(a,i)- | Four
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| Re- | Again
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| Retro- | Backward
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| Schist(o)- | Split, divided
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| Scler(o)- | Hard
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| Semi- | Half
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| Sepsi- | Putrid, rotten
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| Son(o)- | Sound
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| Steno- | Contrcted, narrow
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| Strat(i)- | Layer
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| Sub- | Under
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| Super- | Above, over, excess
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| Dys- | Bad, difficult, abnormal
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| Ecto- | Outer, outside
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| En- | In, into, within
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| Endo- | Innner, inside
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| Epi- | Over, on, upon
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| Eryth- | Red
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| Esthesi- | Sensation
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| Etio- | Cause
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| Ex- | Out, out of, from, away from
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| Micro- | Small
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| Mono- | One, single
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| Morph(o)- | Form, Shape
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| Multi- | Many
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| Necr(o)- | Death, destruction, corpse
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| Neo- | New
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| Noct(i,o)- | Night
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| Non- | Not
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| Olig- | Small, scanty
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| Supra- | Above, over
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| Therm- | Warm
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| Torti(i,o)- | Twisted
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| Tract- | Pull down
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| Trans- | Across
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| Ultr(a,o)- | Exessive, extreme, beyond
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| Uni- | One
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| Zyg(o,us)- | Yoke, join, together
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| Abdomin(o)- | Abdomen
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| Aden(o)- | Gland
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| Adren(o)- | Adrenal Gland
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| Angi(o)- | Vessel
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| Arteri(o)- | Artery
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| Arthr(o)- | Joint
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| Bronch(o)- | Bronchus, bronchi
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| Card-, Cardi(o)- | Heart
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| Cephal(o)- | Head
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| Chondr(o)- | Cartilage
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| Col(o)- | Colon
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| Cost(o)- | Rib
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| Crani(o)- | Skull
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| Cyan(o)- | Blue
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| Cyst(o)- | Bladder, cyst
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| Cyt(o) | Cell
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| Derma- | Skin
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| Duoden(o)- | Duodenum
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| Encephal(o)- | Brain
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| Enter(o)- | Intestines
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| Fibr(o)- | Fiber, Fibrous
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| Gastr(o)- | Stomach
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| Gloss(o)- | Tongue
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| Gyn-, gyne-, gynec(o)- | Woman
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| Hem-, Hema-, hem(o)- | Blood
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| Hemat(o)- | Blood
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| Hepat(o)- | Liver
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| Hydro(o)- | Water
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| Hyster(o)- | Uterus
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| Ile(o)-, ili(o)- | Ileum
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| Laryng(o)- | Larynyx
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| Mamm(o)- | Breast, mammary gland
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| Mast(o)- | Mammary gland, breast
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| men(o)- | Menstruation
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| My(o)- | Muscle
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| Myel(o)- | Spinal cord, bone marrow
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| Nephr(o)- | Kidney
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| Neur(o)- | Nerve
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| Ocul(o)- | Eye
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| Ophthalm(o)- | Eye
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| Orth(o)- | Straight, normal, correct
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| Oste(o)- | Bone
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| Ot(o)- | Ear
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| Ped(o)- | Child, foot
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| Pharyng(o)- | Pharynx
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| Phleb(o)- | Vein
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| Pnea- | Breathing, respiration
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| Proct(o)- | Rectum
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| Psych(o)- | Mind
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| Pulm(o)- | Lung
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| Py(o)- | Pus
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| Rect(o)- | Rectum
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| Rhino(o)- | Nose
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| Salping(o)- | Eustachian Tube, uterine tube
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| Splen(o)- | Spleen
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| Sten(o)- | Narrow, constriction
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| Stern(o)- | Sternum
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| Stomat(o)- | Mouth
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| Therm(o)- | Heat
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| Thorac(o)- | Chest
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| Thromb(o)- | Clot, thrombus
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| Thyr(o)- | Thyroid
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| Tox(o)- | Poison
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| Toxic(o)- | Poison, poisonus
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| Trace(o)- | Trachea
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| Ur(o)- | Urine, urinary tract, urination
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| Urethr(o)- | Urethra
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| Urin(o)- | Urine
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| Uter(o)- | Uterus
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| Vas(o)- | Blood vessel, vas deferens
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| Ven(o)- | Vein
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| Vertebr(o)- | Spine, vertabrae
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| -able | Capable of, suitable for
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| -ago | Disease
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| -algeisa | Pain
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| -agia | Pain
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| -aisis | State or condition of, usually abnormal
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| -cele | Herina, herniation, pouching
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| -cide | Kil, causing death
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| -cule | Very small
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| -cyte | Cell
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| -dom | State of being
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| -duct | Tube, channel
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| -eal | Pertaining to
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| -ease | Condition
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| -ectomy | Excision, removal of
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| -eme | Swelling, distention
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| -emisis | Vomiting
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| -emia | Blood condition
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| -ferent | Bear, carry
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| -feron | To strike
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| -form | Shape, structure
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| -genesis | Development, production, creation
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| -globin | Protein
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| -gram | Record
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| -graph | Diagram, recording instrument
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| -graphy | making a record
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| -hood | State, quality of, condition
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| -iasis | Condition of
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| -ician | On skilled in, one who practices
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| -ism | Condition
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| -itis | Inflammation
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| -ity | Quality of, state of
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| -ive | Having power to, that which performs
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| -ize | To treat by, that which performs
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| -kinesis | Motion
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| -lemma | Sheath, Covering
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| -logy | The study of
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| -lysis | Destruction of, decomposition
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| -malacia | Softening
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| -megaly | Enlargement
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| -oid | Form, like, resemble
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| -oma | Tumor
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| -opsy | View of
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| -osis | condition
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| -otomy | Cutting into
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| -paresis | Paralysis
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| -pathy | Disease
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| -penia | Lack, deficiency
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| -phobia | An exaggerated fear
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| -phylaxi | Protection
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| -plasty | Surgical repair or reshaping
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| -plegia | Paralysis
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| -pnea | To breathe
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| -porosis | Passage
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| -ptosis | Falling, sagging, dropping, down
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| -rrhage, -rrhagia | Excessive flow
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| -rrhea | Profuse flow, discharge
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| -sclerosis | Dryness, hardness
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| --scope | Examination instrument
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| -scopy | Examination using a scope
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| -sepsis | Putrefaction
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| -some | Body
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| -stasis | Maintenance, maintaining a constant level
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| -stenosis | Narrow, tighten, short, constrict
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| -stomy, -ostomy | Creation of an opening
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| -thymia | Thymus gland, mind, soul, emotions
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| -tomy, -otomy | Incision, cutting into
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| -tonia | Stretching, putting under tension
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| -trophic | Related to growth, development, or nutrition
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| -ule | Little, small
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| -uria | Condition of the urine
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| -version | To turn
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| -vert | Turn
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| ABD | Abdomen
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| ADL | Activities of dailing living
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| ad lib | as desired
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| alt dieb | every other day
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| alt hour | alternative hours
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| alt noc | alternative nights
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| AM, am | Morning
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| a.m.a. | Against medical advice
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| ANS | Autonomic nervous system
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| approx | approximately
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| as tol | as tolerated
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| BM | Bowel movement
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| BP | Blood pressure
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| Ca | Cancer
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| CC | Cheif Complaint
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| c/o | Complains of
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| CPR | Cardiopulmonary resucitation
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| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid
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| CVA | Cerebrovascular accident, stroke
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| DJD | Degenerative joint disease
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| DM | Diabetes melitus
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| Dx | Diagnosis
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| ext | Extract
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| ft | Foot (or feet)
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| fx | Fracture
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| GI | Gastrointestinal
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| GU | Genitourinary
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| h, hr | Hour
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| H2O | Water
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| Hx | History
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| IBW | Ideal Body Weight
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| ICT | Inflammation of connective tissue
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| ID | The same
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| L | Left,, length, lumbar
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| lig | Ligament
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| M | Muscle, meter, myopia
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| ML | Midline
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| meds | Mediacations
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| n | Normal
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| NA | nonapplicable
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| OB | Obstetrics
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| OTC | Over the counter
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| P | Pulse
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| PA | Postural analysis
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| PM, pm | Afternoon
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| PT | Physical Therapy
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| Px | Prognosis
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| R | Respiration
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| R/O | Rule out
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| ROM | Range of Motion
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| Rx | Prescription
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| SOB | Shortness of Breath
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| SP, spir | Spirit
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| Sym | symmetric
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| T | Temperature
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| TLC | Tender Loving Care
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| Tx | Treatment
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| URI | Upper respiratory infection
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| WD | Well developed
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| WN | Well nourished
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| Flexion | A decrease in th eangle between two bones as the body part moves out of the anatomic position
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| Extension | An increase in the angle between two bones, usually moving the body part back toward teh anatomic position
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| Hyperextension | Any extension beyond normal or healthy; any extension that takes the part further in the direction of the extension
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| Abduction | Movement of the appendicular body away from the midline
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| Adduction | Movement of the appendicular body part toward the midline
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| Right Lateral Flexion | Movement of the axial body part to the right
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| Left Lateral Flexion | movement of the axial body part to the left
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| Right Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the right
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| Left Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the left
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| Medial Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis toward the midline of the body
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| Lateral Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting a body of the appendicular body in an arc around the central axis away from the midline of the body
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| Circumduction | Is not a movement, rather is is a sequence of movements that turn or privot the part through an entire arc, makeing a complete circle
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| Protraction | Pushing of the part forward in a horizontal plane
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| Retraction | Pulling of the part back in a horizontal plane
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| Elevation | Moving the part upward
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| Depression | Moving the part downward
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| Supination | Movement of the forearm that turns the palm anterioly, as in cupping a bowl of soup
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| Pronation | Movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly
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| Inversion | Movement of the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline
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| Eversion | Movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline
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| Plantar Flexion | Movement of the foot downward
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| Dorsiflexion | Movement of the foot upward
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| Anterior | In front of or toward the front
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| Posterior | Behind, in back, or in the rear
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| Proximal | Closer to the trunk or the point of origin
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| Distal | Situated away from the trunk or midline of the body, away from the origin
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| Lateral | On or to the side, outside, away from the midline
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| Medial | Relating to the middle, center, or midline
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| Ipsilateral | The same side
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| Contralateral | The opposite side
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| Superior | Higher than or above
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| Inferior | Lower than or below
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| Volar | The palm side of the hande
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| Plantar | The sole side of the foot
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| Valgus | Ends bent inward; angulation of a part of the body inward toward the midline ><
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| Varus | Ends bent outward, for example, bent toward teh wall <>
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| Internal | An inside surface of the inside part of the body
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| External | The outside surface of the body
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| Deep | Inside or away from the surface
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| Superficial | Toward or on the surface
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| Dextral (dextro) | Right
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| Sininstral (sinistro) | Left
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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krazy4god
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