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Mosby's Essential #3
Mosby's Essential Sciences - Chapter 3 - Definitions
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acupuncture | The practice of inserting needles at specific points on meridians, or channels, to stimulate or sedate energy flow to regulate or alter body function. |
| Biomechanics | The principles and methods of mechanics applied to the structure and function of the human body. |
| Charting | The process of keeping a written record of a client or patient. |
| Combining vowel | A vowel added between two roots or a root and a suffix to make pronunciation of the word easier. |
| Disharmony | Distortions in health that result when the functions or systems are neither balanced nor working at their optimum. |
| Kinematics | A branch of mechanics that involves the time, space, ad mass aspects of a moving system. |
| Kinesiology | The study of movement. |
| Kinetics | Those forces causing movement in a system. |
| Mechanics | The branch pf physics dealing with the study of forces and the motion produced by their actions. |
| Prefix | A word element added to the beginning of a root to change the meaning of the word. |
| Qi | Also known as Chi, Qi, refers to the life force. |
| Root | A word element that contains the basic meaning of the word. |
| Suffix | A word element added to the end of a root to change the meaning of the word. |
| Word elements | The parts of a word; the prefix, root, and suffix. |
| Yin/yang | Terms used to describe polar relationships; it refers to the dynamic balance between opposing forces and the continual process of creation and destruction. |
| A, an- | without or not |
| Ab- | Away from |
| Acr(o)- | Extremity, tip |
| Ad- | Toward |
| Alba- | White |
| Ambi- | Both, on sides |
| Ana- | Upward, backward, excessive, through |
| Andr(o) | Male |
| Ankyl(o) | Crooked, fused |
| Ante- | Before, forward |
| Anti- | Against, opposed |
| Audi- | Hear |
| Auto- | Self |
| Bi- | Double, two |
| Bio- | Life, Living matter |
| Brach- | Short |
| Brady(o)- | Slow, short, dull |
| Carcin(o)- | Cancer, Malignant |
| Cata- | Down, negative, under, against, lower |
| Caud- | Tail, Inferior |
| Centi(i) | Hundred |
| Chron(i, o, us) | Time, Long time |
| Circum- | Around |
| Contra- | Against, Opposite |
| Counter- | Agains, Opposite |
| Cry(m,o) | Cold |
| De- | Down, from, away from, not |
| Dext- | Right |
| Di- | Two, double, twice |
| Dia- | Across, through, apart |
| Dis- | Seperation, away from |
| Febri(i,o)- | Fever, boil |
| Fract- | Break, broken |
| Fund- | Base, bottom |
| Gen- | Beginning, origin, produce |
| Gluc- | Sweet, sugar, glucose |
| Gyn(a,e,eco,o)- | Female |
| Hemi- | Half |
| Heter- | Other, difference |
| Hol- | Whole, all |
| Hom(eo,o)- | Unchanged, alike, same |
| Hyg(ei, ie)- | Health |
| Hyper- | Excessive, too much, high |
| Hypo- | Under, decreased, less than normal |
| Iatr(o)- | Physician |
| Idio- | Distinct, peculiar to the individual |
| Immuno- | Protection |
| In- | In, into, within, not |
| Infra- | Beneath |
| Inter- | Between |
| Intra- | Within |
| Intro- | Into, within |
| Iso- | Equal, like, identical |
| Juxta- | Adjoining, near to |
| Kyph(o)- | Bend, hump |
| Lacto(o)- | Milk |
| Lateral(al,o)- | Side |
| Leuk- | White |
| Levo- | Left |
| Macro- | Large |
| Mal- | Bad, illness, disease |
| Mega- | Large |
| Onc(o)- | Tumor, mass |
| Ortho(o)- | Straight, erect, correct |
| Osm(io,o)- | Smell, odor |
| Oxy- | Sharp, acute, acid |
| Palp- | Touch, feel |
| Pan- | All |
| Para- | Abnormal, near |
| Path(o)- | Disease, suffering |
| Pept(o)- | Digestion |
| Per- | By, through |
| Peri- | Around |
| Phag(o)- | Eat, consume |
| Pharmaco- | Drugs, poison, medication |
| Physio- | Natural, physical agents |
| Poly- | Many, much |
| Post- | After, behind |
| Pre- | Before, in front of |
| Pro- | Before, in front of |
| Pseudo- | False |
| Quadra(a,i)- | Four |
| Re- | Again |
| Retro- | Backward |
| Schist(o)- | Split, divided |
| Scler(o)- | Hard |
| Semi- | Half |
| Sepsi- | Putrid, rotten |
| Son(o)- | Sound |
| Steno- | Contrcted, narrow |
| Strat(i)- | Layer |
| Sub- | Under |
| Super- | Above, over, excess |
| Dys- | Bad, difficult, abnormal |
| Ecto- | Outer, outside |
| En- | In, into, within |
| Endo- | Innner, inside |
| Epi- | Over, on, upon |
| Eryth- | Red |
| Esthesi- | Sensation |
| Etio- | Cause |
| Ex- | Out, out of, from, away from |
| Micro- | Small |
| Mono- | One, single |
| Morph(o)- | Form, Shape |
| Multi- | Many |
| Necr(o)- | Death, destruction, corpse |
| Neo- | New |
| Noct(i,o)- | Night |
| Non- | Not |
| Olig- | Small, scanty |
| Supra- | Above, over |
| Therm- | Warm |
| Torti(i,o)- | Twisted |
| Tract- | Pull down |
| Trans- | Across |
| Ultr(a,o)- | Exessive, extreme, beyond |
| Uni- | One |
| Zyg(o,us)- | Yoke, join, together |
| Abdomin(o)- | Abdomen |
| Aden(o)- | Gland |
| Adren(o)- | Adrenal Gland |
| Angi(o)- | Vessel |
| Arteri(o)- | Artery |
| Arthr(o)- | Joint |
| Bronch(o)- | Bronchus, bronchi |
| Card-, Cardi(o)- | Heart |
| Cephal(o)- | Head |
| Chondr(o)- | Cartilage |
| Col(o)- | Colon |
| Cost(o)- | Rib |
| Crani(o)- | Skull |
| Cyan(o)- | Blue |
| Cyst(o)- | Bladder, cyst |
| Cyt(o) | Cell |
| Derma- | Skin |
| Duoden(o)- | Duodenum |
| Encephal(o)- | Brain |
| Enter(o)- | Intestines |
| Fibr(o)- | Fiber, Fibrous |
| Gastr(o)- | Stomach |
| Gloss(o)- | Tongue |
| Gyn-, gyne-, gynec(o)- | Woman |
| Hem-, Hema-, hem(o)- | Blood |
| Hemat(o)- | Blood |
| Hepat(o)- | Liver |
| Hydro(o)- | Water |
| Hyster(o)- | Uterus |
| Ile(o)-, ili(o)- | Ileum |
| Laryng(o)- | Larynyx |
| Mamm(o)- | Breast, mammary gland |
| Mast(o)- | Mammary gland, breast |
| men(o)- | Menstruation |
| My(o)- | Muscle |
| Myel(o)- | Spinal cord, bone marrow |
| Nephr(o)- | Kidney |
| Neur(o)- | Nerve |
| Ocul(o)- | Eye |
| Ophthalm(o)- | Eye |
| Orth(o)- | Straight, normal, correct |
| Oste(o)- | Bone |
| Ot(o)- | Ear |
| Ped(o)- | Child, foot |
| Pharyng(o)- | Pharynx |
| Phleb(o)- | Vein |
| Pnea- | Breathing, respiration |
| Proct(o)- | Rectum |
| Psych(o)- | Mind |
| Pulm(o)- | Lung |
| Py(o)- | Pus |
| Rect(o)- | Rectum |
| Rhino(o)- | Nose |
| Salping(o)- | Eustachian Tube, uterine tube |
| Splen(o)- | Spleen |
| Sten(o)- | Narrow, constriction |
| Stern(o)- | Sternum |
| Stomat(o)- | Mouth |
| Therm(o)- | Heat |
| Thorac(o)- | Chest |
| Thromb(o)- | Clot, thrombus |
| Thyr(o)- | Thyroid |
| Tox(o)- | Poison |
| Toxic(o)- | Poison, poisonus |
| Trace(o)- | Trachea |
| Ur(o)- | Urine, urinary tract, urination |
| Urethr(o)- | Urethra |
| Urin(o)- | Urine |
| Uter(o)- | Uterus |
| Vas(o)- | Blood vessel, vas deferens |
| Ven(o)- | Vein |
| Vertebr(o)- | Spine, vertabrae |
| -able | Capable of, suitable for |
| -ago | Disease |
| -algeisa | Pain |
| -agia | Pain |
| -aisis | State or condition of, usually abnormal |
| -cele | Herina, herniation, pouching |
| -cide | Kil, causing death |
| -cule | Very small |
| -cyte | Cell |
| -dom | State of being |
| -duct | Tube, channel |
| -eal | Pertaining to |
| -ease | Condition |
| -ectomy | Excision, removal of |
| -eme | Swelling, distention |
| -emisis | Vomiting |
| -emia | Blood condition |
| -ferent | Bear, carry |
| -feron | To strike |
| -form | Shape, structure |
| -genesis | Development, production, creation |
| -globin | Protein |
| -gram | Record |
| -graph | Diagram, recording instrument |
| -graphy | making a record |
| -hood | State, quality of, condition |
| -iasis | Condition of |
| -ician | On skilled in, one who practices |
| -ism | Condition |
| -itis | Inflammation |
| -ity | Quality of, state of |
| -ive | Having power to, that which performs |
| -ize | To treat by, that which performs |
| -kinesis | Motion |
| -lemma | Sheath, Covering |
| -logy | The study of |
| -lysis | Destruction of, decomposition |
| -malacia | Softening |
| -megaly | Enlargement |
| -oid | Form, like, resemble |
| -oma | Tumor |
| -opsy | View of |
| -osis | condition |
| -otomy | Cutting into |
| -paresis | Paralysis |
| -pathy | Disease |
| -penia | Lack, deficiency |
| -phobia | An exaggerated fear |
| -phylaxi | Protection |
| -plasty | Surgical repair or reshaping |
| -plegia | Paralysis |
| -pnea | To breathe |
| -porosis | Passage |
| -ptosis | Falling, sagging, dropping, down |
| -rrhage, -rrhagia | Excessive flow |
| -rrhea | Profuse flow, discharge |
| -sclerosis | Dryness, hardness |
| --scope | Examination instrument |
| -scopy | Examination using a scope |
| -sepsis | Putrefaction |
| -some | Body |
| -stasis | Maintenance, maintaining a constant level |
| -stenosis | Narrow, tighten, short, constrict |
| -stomy, -ostomy | Creation of an opening |
| -thymia | Thymus gland, mind, soul, emotions |
| -tomy, -otomy | Incision, cutting into |
| -tonia | Stretching, putting under tension |
| -trophic | Related to growth, development, or nutrition |
| -ule | Little, small |
| -uria | Condition of the urine |
| -version | To turn |
| -vert | Turn |
| ABD | Abdomen |
| ADL | Activities of dailing living |
| ad lib | as desired |
| alt dieb | every other day |
| alt hour | alternative hours |
| alt noc | alternative nights |
| AM, am | Morning |
| a.m.a. | Against medical advice |
| ANS | Autonomic nervous system |
| approx | approximately |
| as tol | as tolerated |
| BM | Bowel movement |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| Ca | Cancer |
| CC | Cheif Complaint |
| c/o | Complains of |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary resucitation |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA | Cerebrovascular accident, stroke |
| DJD | Degenerative joint disease |
| DM | Diabetes melitus |
| Dx | Diagnosis |
| ext | Extract |
| ft | Foot (or feet) |
| fx | Fracture |
| GI | Gastrointestinal |
| GU | Genitourinary |
| h, hr | Hour |
| H2O | Water |
| Hx | History |
| IBW | Ideal Body Weight |
| ICT | Inflammation of connective tissue |
| ID | The same |
| L | Left,, length, lumbar |
| lig | Ligament |
| M | Muscle, meter, myopia |
| ML | Midline |
| meds | Mediacations |
| n | Normal |
| NA | nonapplicable |
| OB | Obstetrics |
| OTC | Over the counter |
| P | Pulse |
| PA | Postural analysis |
| PM, pm | Afternoon |
| PT | Physical Therapy |
| Px | Prognosis |
| R | Respiration |
| R/O | Rule out |
| ROM | Range of Motion |
| Rx | Prescription |
| SOB | Shortness of Breath |
| SP, spir | Spirit |
| Sym | symmetric |
| T | Temperature |
| TLC | Tender Loving Care |
| Tx | Treatment |
| URI | Upper respiratory infection |
| WD | Well developed |
| WN | Well nourished |
| Flexion | A decrease in th eangle between two bones as the body part moves out of the anatomic position |
| Extension | An increase in the angle between two bones, usually moving the body part back toward teh anatomic position |
| Hyperextension | Any extension beyond normal or healthy; any extension that takes the part further in the direction of the extension |
| Abduction | Movement of the appendicular body away from the midline |
| Adduction | Movement of the appendicular body part toward the midline |
| Right Lateral Flexion | Movement of the axial body part to the right |
| Left Lateral Flexion | movement of the axial body part to the left |
| Right Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the right |
| Left Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the left |
| Medial Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis toward the midline of the body |
| Lateral Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting a body of the appendicular body in an arc around the central axis away from the midline of the body |
| Circumduction | Is not a movement, rather is is a sequence of movements that turn or privot the part through an entire arc, makeing a complete circle |
| Protraction | Pushing of the part forward in a horizontal plane |
| Retraction | Pulling of the part back in a horizontal plane |
| Elevation | Moving the part upward |
| Depression | Moving the part downward |
| Supination | Movement of the forearm that turns the palm anterioly, as in cupping a bowl of soup |
| Pronation | Movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly |
| Inversion | Movement of the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline |
| Eversion | Movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline |
| Plantar Flexion | Movement of the foot downward |
| Dorsiflexion | Movement of the foot upward |
| Anterior | In front of or toward the front |
| Posterior | Behind, in back, or in the rear |
| Proximal | Closer to the trunk or the point of origin |
| Distal | Situated away from the trunk or midline of the body, away from the origin |
| Lateral | On or to the side, outside, away from the midline |
| Medial | Relating to the middle, center, or midline |
| Ipsilateral | The same side |
| Contralateral | The opposite side |
| Superior | Higher than or above |
| Inferior | Lower than or below |
| Volar | The palm side of the hande |
| Plantar | The sole side of the foot |
| Valgus | Ends bent inward; angulation of a part of the body inward toward the midline >< |
| Varus | Ends bent outward, for example, bent toward teh wall <> |
| Internal | An inside surface of the inside part of the body |
| External | The outside surface of the body |
| Deep | Inside or away from the surface |
| Superficial | Toward or on the surface |
| Dextral (dextro) | Right |
| Sininstral (sinistro) | Left |
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