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Mosby's Essential #3
Mosby's Essential Sciences - Chapter 3 - Definitions
Word | Definition |
---|---|
Acupuncture | The practice of inserting needles at specific points on meridians, or channels, to stimulate or sedate energy flow to regulate or alter body function. |
Biomechanics | The principles and methods of mechanics applied to the structure and function of the human body. |
Charting | The process of keeping a written record of a client or patient. |
Combining vowel | A vowel added between two roots or a root and a suffix to make pronunciation of the word easier. |
Disharmony | Distortions in health that result when the functions or systems are neither balanced nor working at their optimum. |
Kinematics | A branch of mechanics that involves the time, space, ad mass aspects of a moving system. |
Kinesiology | The study of movement. |
Kinetics | Those forces causing movement in a system. |
Mechanics | The branch pf physics dealing with the study of forces and the motion produced by their actions. |
Prefix | A word element added to the beginning of a root to change the meaning of the word. |
Qi | Also known as Chi, Qi, refers to the life force. |
Root | A word element that contains the basic meaning of the word. |
Suffix | A word element added to the end of a root to change the meaning of the word. |
Word elements | The parts of a word; the prefix, root, and suffix. |
Yin/yang | Terms used to describe polar relationships; it refers to the dynamic balance between opposing forces and the continual process of creation and destruction. |
A, an- | without or not |
Ab- | Away from |
Acr(o)- | Extremity, tip |
Ad- | Toward |
Alba- | White |
Ambi- | Both, on sides |
Ana- | Upward, backward, excessive, through |
Andr(o) | Male |
Ankyl(o) | Crooked, fused |
Ante- | Before, forward |
Anti- | Against, opposed |
Audi- | Hear |
Auto- | Self |
Bi- | Double, two |
Bio- | Life, Living matter |
Brach- | Short |
Brady(o)- | Slow, short, dull |
Carcin(o)- | Cancer, Malignant |
Cata- | Down, negative, under, against, lower |
Caud- | Tail, Inferior |
Centi(i) | Hundred |
Chron(i, o, us) | Time, Long time |
Circum- | Around |
Contra- | Against, Opposite |
Counter- | Agains, Opposite |
Cry(m,o) | Cold |
De- | Down, from, away from, not |
Dext- | Right |
Di- | Two, double, twice |
Dia- | Across, through, apart |
Dis- | Seperation, away from |
Febri(i,o)- | Fever, boil |
Fract- | Break, broken |
Fund- | Base, bottom |
Gen- | Beginning, origin, produce |
Gluc- | Sweet, sugar, glucose |
Gyn(a,e,eco,o)- | Female |
Hemi- | Half |
Heter- | Other, difference |
Hol- | Whole, all |
Hom(eo,o)- | Unchanged, alike, same |
Hyg(ei, ie)- | Health |
Hyper- | Excessive, too much, high |
Hypo- | Under, decreased, less than normal |
Iatr(o)- | Physician |
Idio- | Distinct, peculiar to the individual |
Immuno- | Protection |
In- | In, into, within, not |
Infra- | Beneath |
Inter- | Between |
Intra- | Within |
Intro- | Into, within |
Iso- | Equal, like, identical |
Juxta- | Adjoining, near to |
Kyph(o)- | Bend, hump |
Lacto(o)- | Milk |
Lateral(al,o)- | Side |
Leuk- | White |
Levo- | Left |
Macro- | Large |
Mal- | Bad, illness, disease |
Mega- | Large |
Onc(o)- | Tumor, mass |
Ortho(o)- | Straight, erect, correct |
Osm(io,o)- | Smell, odor |
Oxy- | Sharp, acute, acid |
Palp- | Touch, feel |
Pan- | All |
Para- | Abnormal, near |
Path(o)- | Disease, suffering |
Pept(o)- | Digestion |
Per- | By, through |
Peri- | Around |
Phag(o)- | Eat, consume |
Pharmaco- | Drugs, poison, medication |
Physio- | Natural, physical agents |
Poly- | Many, much |
Post- | After, behind |
Pre- | Before, in front of |
Pro- | Before, in front of |
Pseudo- | False |
Quadra(a,i)- | Four |
Re- | Again |
Retro- | Backward |
Schist(o)- | Split, divided |
Scler(o)- | Hard |
Semi- | Half |
Sepsi- | Putrid, rotten |
Son(o)- | Sound |
Steno- | Contrcted, narrow |
Strat(i)- | Layer |
Sub- | Under |
Super- | Above, over, excess |
Dys- | Bad, difficult, abnormal |
Ecto- | Outer, outside |
En- | In, into, within |
Endo- | Innner, inside |
Epi- | Over, on, upon |
Eryth- | Red |
Esthesi- | Sensation |
Etio- | Cause |
Ex- | Out, out of, from, away from |
Micro- | Small |
Mono- | One, single |
Morph(o)- | Form, Shape |
Multi- | Many |
Necr(o)- | Death, destruction, corpse |
Neo- | New |
Noct(i,o)- | Night |
Non- | Not |
Olig- | Small, scanty |
Supra- | Above, over |
Therm- | Warm |
Torti(i,o)- | Twisted |
Tract- | Pull down |
Trans- | Across |
Ultr(a,o)- | Exessive, extreme, beyond |
Uni- | One |
Zyg(o,us)- | Yoke, join, together |
Abdomin(o)- | Abdomen |
Aden(o)- | Gland |
Adren(o)- | Adrenal Gland |
Angi(o)- | Vessel |
Arteri(o)- | Artery |
Arthr(o)- | Joint |
Bronch(o)- | Bronchus, bronchi |
Card-, Cardi(o)- | Heart |
Cephal(o)- | Head |
Chondr(o)- | Cartilage |
Col(o)- | Colon |
Cost(o)- | Rib |
Crani(o)- | Skull |
Cyan(o)- | Blue |
Cyst(o)- | Bladder, cyst |
Cyt(o) | Cell |
Derma- | Skin |
Duoden(o)- | Duodenum |
Encephal(o)- | Brain |
Enter(o)- | Intestines |
Fibr(o)- | Fiber, Fibrous |
Gastr(o)- | Stomach |
Gloss(o)- | Tongue |
Gyn-, gyne-, gynec(o)- | Woman |
Hem-, Hema-, hem(o)- | Blood |
Hemat(o)- | Blood |
Hepat(o)- | Liver |
Hydro(o)- | Water |
Hyster(o)- | Uterus |
Ile(o)-, ili(o)- | Ileum |
Laryng(o)- | Larynyx |
Mamm(o)- | Breast, mammary gland |
Mast(o)- | Mammary gland, breast |
men(o)- | Menstruation |
My(o)- | Muscle |
Myel(o)- | Spinal cord, bone marrow |
Nephr(o)- | Kidney |
Neur(o)- | Nerve |
Ocul(o)- | Eye |
Ophthalm(o)- | Eye |
Orth(o)- | Straight, normal, correct |
Oste(o)- | Bone |
Ot(o)- | Ear |
Ped(o)- | Child, foot |
Pharyng(o)- | Pharynx |
Phleb(o)- | Vein |
Pnea- | Breathing, respiration |
Proct(o)- | Rectum |
Psych(o)- | Mind |
Pulm(o)- | Lung |
Py(o)- | Pus |
Rect(o)- | Rectum |
Rhino(o)- | Nose |
Salping(o)- | Eustachian Tube, uterine tube |
Splen(o)- | Spleen |
Sten(o)- | Narrow, constriction |
Stern(o)- | Sternum |
Stomat(o)- | Mouth |
Therm(o)- | Heat |
Thorac(o)- | Chest |
Thromb(o)- | Clot, thrombus |
Thyr(o)- | Thyroid |
Tox(o)- | Poison |
Toxic(o)- | Poison, poisonus |
Trace(o)- | Trachea |
Ur(o)- | Urine, urinary tract, urination |
Urethr(o)- | Urethra |
Urin(o)- | Urine |
Uter(o)- | Uterus |
Vas(o)- | Blood vessel, vas deferens |
Ven(o)- | Vein |
Vertebr(o)- | Spine, vertabrae |
-able | Capable of, suitable for |
-ago | Disease |
-algeisa | Pain |
-agia | Pain |
-aisis | State or condition of, usually abnormal |
-cele | Herina, herniation, pouching |
-cide | Kil, causing death |
-cule | Very small |
-cyte | Cell |
-dom | State of being |
-duct | Tube, channel |
-eal | Pertaining to |
-ease | Condition |
-ectomy | Excision, removal of |
-eme | Swelling, distention |
-emisis | Vomiting |
-emia | Blood condition |
-ferent | Bear, carry |
-feron | To strike |
-form | Shape, structure |
-genesis | Development, production, creation |
-globin | Protein |
-gram | Record |
-graph | Diagram, recording instrument |
-graphy | making a record |
-hood | State, quality of, condition |
-iasis | Condition of |
-ician | On skilled in, one who practices |
-ism | Condition |
-itis | Inflammation |
-ity | Quality of, state of |
-ive | Having power to, that which performs |
-ize | To treat by, that which performs |
-kinesis | Motion |
-lemma | Sheath, Covering |
-logy | The study of |
-lysis | Destruction of, decomposition |
-malacia | Softening |
-megaly | Enlargement |
-oid | Form, like, resemble |
-oma | Tumor |
-opsy | View of |
-osis | condition |
-otomy | Cutting into |
-paresis | Paralysis |
-pathy | Disease |
-penia | Lack, deficiency |
-phobia | An exaggerated fear |
-phylaxi | Protection |
-plasty | Surgical repair or reshaping |
-plegia | Paralysis |
-pnea | To breathe |
-porosis | Passage |
-ptosis | Falling, sagging, dropping, down |
-rrhage, -rrhagia | Excessive flow |
-rrhea | Profuse flow, discharge |
-sclerosis | Dryness, hardness |
--scope | Examination instrument |
-scopy | Examination using a scope |
-sepsis | Putrefaction |
-some | Body |
-stasis | Maintenance, maintaining a constant level |
-stenosis | Narrow, tighten, short, constrict |
-stomy, -ostomy | Creation of an opening |
-thymia | Thymus gland, mind, soul, emotions |
-tomy, -otomy | Incision, cutting into |
-tonia | Stretching, putting under tension |
-trophic | Related to growth, development, or nutrition |
-ule | Little, small |
-uria | Condition of the urine |
-version | To turn |
-vert | Turn |
ABD | Abdomen |
ADL | Activities of dailing living |
ad lib | as desired |
alt dieb | every other day |
alt hour | alternative hours |
alt noc | alternative nights |
AM, am | Morning |
a.m.a. | Against medical advice |
ANS | Autonomic nervous system |
approx | approximately |
as tol | as tolerated |
BM | Bowel movement |
BP | Blood pressure |
Ca | Cancer |
CC | Cheif Complaint |
c/o | Complains of |
CPR | Cardiopulmonary resucitation |
CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
CVA | Cerebrovascular accident, stroke |
DJD | Degenerative joint disease |
DM | Diabetes melitus |
Dx | Diagnosis |
ext | Extract |
ft | Foot (or feet) |
fx | Fracture |
GI | Gastrointestinal |
GU | Genitourinary |
h, hr | Hour |
H2O | Water |
Hx | History |
IBW | Ideal Body Weight |
ICT | Inflammation of connective tissue |
ID | The same |
L | Left,, length, lumbar |
lig | Ligament |
M | Muscle, meter, myopia |
ML | Midline |
meds | Mediacations |
n | Normal |
NA | nonapplicable |
OB | Obstetrics |
OTC | Over the counter |
P | Pulse |
PA | Postural analysis |
PM, pm | Afternoon |
PT | Physical Therapy |
Px | Prognosis |
R | Respiration |
R/O | Rule out |
ROM | Range of Motion |
Rx | Prescription |
SOB | Shortness of Breath |
SP, spir | Spirit |
Sym | symmetric |
T | Temperature |
TLC | Tender Loving Care |
Tx | Treatment |
URI | Upper respiratory infection |
WD | Well developed |
WN | Well nourished |
Flexion | A decrease in th eangle between two bones as the body part moves out of the anatomic position |
Extension | An increase in the angle between two bones, usually moving the body part back toward teh anatomic position |
Hyperextension | Any extension beyond normal or healthy; any extension that takes the part further in the direction of the extension |
Abduction | Movement of the appendicular body away from the midline |
Adduction | Movement of the appendicular body part toward the midline |
Right Lateral Flexion | Movement of the axial body part to the right |
Left Lateral Flexion | movement of the axial body part to the left |
Right Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the right |
Left Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the left |
Medial Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis toward the midline of the body |
Lateral Rotation | Partially turning or pivoting a body of the appendicular body in an arc around the central axis away from the midline of the body |
Circumduction | Is not a movement, rather is is a sequence of movements that turn or privot the part through an entire arc, makeing a complete circle |
Protraction | Pushing of the part forward in a horizontal plane |
Retraction | Pulling of the part back in a horizontal plane |
Elevation | Moving the part upward |
Depression | Moving the part downward |
Supination | Movement of the forearm that turns the palm anterioly, as in cupping a bowl of soup |
Pronation | Movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly |
Inversion | Movement of the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline |
Eversion | Movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline |
Plantar Flexion | Movement of the foot downward |
Dorsiflexion | Movement of the foot upward |
Anterior | In front of or toward the front |
Posterior | Behind, in back, or in the rear |
Proximal | Closer to the trunk or the point of origin |
Distal | Situated away from the trunk or midline of the body, away from the origin |
Lateral | On or to the side, outside, away from the midline |
Medial | Relating to the middle, center, or midline |
Ipsilateral | The same side |
Contralateral | The opposite side |
Superior | Higher than or above |
Inferior | Lower than or below |
Volar | The palm side of the hande |
Plantar | The sole side of the foot |
Valgus | Ends bent inward; angulation of a part of the body inward toward the midline >< |
Varus | Ends bent outward, for example, bent toward teh wall <> |
Internal | An inside surface of the inside part of the body |
External | The outside surface of the body |
Deep | Inside or away from the surface |
Superficial | Toward or on the surface |
Dextral (dextro) | Right |
Sininstral (sinistro) | Left |