Nationalist revolutions sweep the west
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| conservatives | usually wealty property owners and nobility.they argued for protecting the traditional monarchies.
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| liberals | mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants they wanted to give more power to elected parliaments but only the educated and the landowners would vote.
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| radicals | favored drastic chaneg to extend democracy to all people.they belived that govenrments should practice the ideals of the French Revolution- liberty, eduality, and brotherhood.
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| nationalism | the belief that people's greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an Empire but to a noationof people who share a common colture and history.
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| nation-state | when a nation had its own independent government.
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| what were the only nation states in Europe in 1815? | France, Englan, and Spain.
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| what type of people were nationalists? | either liberals or radicals
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| who were the first people to win self-rule during this time period?who controlled this region of Europe? | the greeks. they were controlled by the Ottoman Empire.
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| what is included in the Balkan region of Europe? | all parts of presedent- day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turky, and the former Yugoslavia
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| when did the Greek revolt begin? | 1821
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| which Europian contries came to the support of the Greeks in 1827 | Britain, France, Russia
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| what two religions tried to break away from the austrian empire? | Metternich resigned and liberaly uprisings
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| what political idelolgy took the lead in Europe by 1849? | the Conservatism that had controlled government before 1848
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| who was the ruler of France in 1830? why was he forced to flee to Great Britain? | king Charles X. he was forced to flee to Great Britain because the atempt sparked riots.
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| who became the new king of France? | Louis- Philippe
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| the French political crisis of 1848 | a paris mob overturned a monarchy and establishe a republic. the new republican government began to fall apart almost immidiatly.
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| what type of government was established in France by the Constitution of 1848 | it called for a parliament and a stron president to be elected by the people.
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| who won the French presidential election? | Louis- Napoleon Bonaparte
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| what title did he take in 1852? | Emperor Napoleon III
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| the Politices of Napoleon III: | a majority of Franch voters accepted this action without complaint. the French were weary of instability.
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| how was Russia different from Western Europe in the 1800s? | they had yet to leap into modern industrialized world.
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| why were the Russian czars reluctant to free the serfs? | freeing them would anger the landowners, whose support the czars needed to stay in power.
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| what was the cause of the 1853-1856 Crimean War? | Russia lost the war against the combined forces of France, Great Britain, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire.
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| how did Czar Alexander II change Russia? | he decided to move Russia towards modernization and social changes.
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| were the serfs really free?why or why not? | Alexander decree freeing the serfs but it only went half way. peasant communities- rather than individual peasants- recieved about half the farmland in the country. they were tight to land by depth.
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| what happened to Alexander II | a terrorist assassinated him.
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| what type of ruler was Czar Alexander III | he tightened czarist control over the country. he developed Russia. he was tougher.
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| of the three political idealogies/groups discussed in this section, which were most likely to be nationalists? | leberals and raticals
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| what areas of Europe experienced nationalist revolts in the firsl half of the 19th century? | Russia, Hungary, Prag, Italian, Belgium, Dutch, Pols.
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