KMC CH 17: The French Revolution and Napoleon
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| Date of French Revolution | 1789
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| Causes of social and economic unrest in 18th century France | The monarchy's extravagant lifestyle & costly wars had created a huge national debt; The bourgeoisie & nobility had exempted themselves from paying taxes; Farmers & urban workers protested inflation, low wages & a huge tax burden
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| Three estates of ancien regime | Clergy, Nobility, Commoners
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| Bourgeoisie | French upper middle class composed mostly of wealthy bankers, merchants and lawyers
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| Louis XVI | King who was seized at Versailles & later guillotined
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| Why Estates General was convened | To fix the debt & for each estate to further its own interests
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| Abbe Sieyes | In his pamphlet, "What is the Third Estate?" he equated France with ONLY the Third Estate
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| Major points of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" | All men are born equal, and all men have the right to liberty, property, security & resistance
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| Assignats | French bonds which redistributed the Church's lands
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| "The Civil Constitution of the Clergy" | Legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly in order to establish the Gallican Church, seize Church lands, make priests puppets of the state, & disband monasteries & convents
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| Constitutional clerics | Supported "The Civil Constitution of the Clergy"
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| Non-jurors | Opposed "The Civil Constitution of the Clergy"
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| Reign of Terror | Time when France was ruled by the Committee of Public Safety, which executed those who disagreed with them
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| Effects of the Reign of Terror on the Church | The Church was labeled as counter-revolutionary & the government tried to systematically dismantle it; relics were destroyed, crosses & churches burned; priests who refused to take the oath of loyalty to the state were killed
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| Maximilien Robespierre | Cruel leader who headed the Committee of Public Safety, and the architect of the Cult of the Supreme Being
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| State-sponsored Deistic religion | Mass was replaced with a "Goddess of Reason" ceremony; Notre Dame Cathedral was renamed the "Temple of Reason & Liberty"; the Lord's Day was eliminated by instituting a 10-day week; the Church of St. Genevieve was replaced with pantheon of rev'y leaders
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| How Napoleon sought to repress the Church | He confiscated the Papal States, took the Pope prisoner for six years, falsely published the Concordat of Fountainebleu, closed seminaries, & stole from the Church
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| Pius VII | Progressive thinker who desired liberty & equality among the lower class; he was imprisoned for 6 years by Napoleon
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| Napoleonic Code | Provided for freedom of religion, but also introduced civil marriage & divorce & placed heavy restrictions on the Church
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| "Black cardinals" | Those who refused to attend Napoleon's illicit marriage to Maria Louisa
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