AP Euro - Enlightenment
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| show | Most successful and prestigious society in England, created in 1660.
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| show | Emergence of a secular world view for the first time in human history.
Natural science and reason could explain all aspects of life
Belief in autonomy of man's intellect apart from God
Faith in reason, rather than faith in revelation
Deism
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| Deism | show 🗑
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| show | 1690,
State of nature: Humans are basically good but lack protection
The purpose of the government is to protect "natural rights" of the people: life, liberty and property
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| Essay Concerning Human Understanding | show 🗑
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| Tabula Rasa | show 🗑
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| show | Committed to the fundamental reform of society
By 1775, much of western Europe's society educated elite had embraced the Enlightenment
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| show | Perhaps the most influential of all Enlightenment philosophers
Challenged traditional Catholic theology
His influential social criticism inspired many to call for change, setting the stage for the French Revolution
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| "Ecrasez L'infame" | show 🗑
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| show | (1689-1755)
Member of the French nobility; hated the
absolutism of Louis XIV.
Book(1748): called for separation
of powers in government into three branches
Goal: prevent tyranny and promote liberty
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| Checks and Balances | show 🗑
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| show | (1712-1778)
Social Contract
Though considered part of the Enlightenment, more accurately seen as a founder of the Romantic Movement.
Believed man in a simpler state of nature was good a noble savage"and was corrupted by the materialism of civilization.
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| Social Contract, 1762 | show 🗑
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| General Will | show 🗑
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| show | State of nature
Was corrupted by the materialism of civilization.
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| Denis Diderot, The Encyclopedia | show 🗑
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| show | On Crimes and Punishment (1764)
Sought to humanize criminal law based on Enlightenment concepts of reason and equality before the law
His views influenced the Enlightened Despots:
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| show | (1694-1774)
Leader of the physiocrats in France who opposed mercantilist policies
Sought to reform the existing agrarian system by instituting laissez faire in agriculture
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| show | They opposed mercantilist policies
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| show | 1727-1790
Considered the “Bible” of capitalism.
Refined and expanded laissez-faire philosophy of the physiocrats.
Believed the economy is governed by the natural laws of supply and demand.
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| show | Women played a major role in this.
Many of the brightest minds of the Enlightenment assembled in _____ to discuss the major issues of the day
Certain women organized ____ and took part in
the discussions
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| show | (1759-1797)
promoted political & educational equality for women
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| show | (1723-89) System of Nature
Argued humans were essentially like machines, completely determined by outside forces (determinism).
His staunch atheism, determinism and attacks on
Christianity undermined the Enlightenment
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| show | Argued against faith in both natural law and faith
Claimed that human ideas were merely the result of sensory experiences; human reason could not go beyond what was experienced through the senses.
Undermined Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason.
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| show | (1743-1794) Progress of the Human Mind
His utopian ideas also undermined the legitimacy
of Enlightenment ideas.
Identified 9 stages of human progress that had already occurred and predicted the 10th stage would bring perfection.
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| show | (1724-1804) – greatest German philosopher of the Enlightenment
Separated science and morality into separate
branches of knowledge.
Science could describe nature, it could not provide a guide for morality
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| show | The political outgrowth of the Enlightenment
Belief in laissez faire capitalism
Belief in progress human dignity and human happiness
Religious toleration, freedom of speech & the press,
just punishments for crimes, and equal treatment
before the law
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| German pietism | show 🗑
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| show | Taught need for spiritual regeneration and a moral life that would demonstrate one’s having
been “born-again”.
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| show | (1703-91): Founder of Methodism
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| show | (Catholic sect) in France argued against
idea of an uninvolved or impersonal God
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| show | The philosophes inspired and supported the reforms of
the _______.
Believed absolute rulers should promote the good of
the people
Yet believed, like Hobbes earlier, that people were
not capable of ruling themselves
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| Frederick the Great | show 🗑
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| War of Austrian Succession | show 🗑
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| show | Was invaded and annexed by Frederick
part of the Austrian Hapsburg empire
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| Seven Years' War | show 🗑
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| show | France and Austria, traditional enemies, now allied against Prussia
Bloodiest war in Europe since the Thirty Years’ War of the 17th century.
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| Treaty of Paris | show 🗑
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| "First servant of the state" | show 🗑
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| Catherine the Great | show 🗑
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| Pugachev Rebellion | show 🗑
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| Polish Partitions | show 🗑
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| Liberum veto | show 🗑
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| Maria Theresa | show 🗑
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| show | Issued by Leopold and agreed to by the Great Powers
that the Habsburg Empire would remain intact
under his daughter’s rule
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| Joseph II | show 🗑
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| Madame de Geoffrin | show 🗑
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| Madame de Staël | show 🗑
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| John Harrison, chronometer | show 🗑
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