Female Reproductive-Reverse Defs
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| hymen | a fold partially or completely covering the vaginal opening
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| obstetrician | a physician who specializes in dealing with pregnancy, labour and puerperium
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| nullipara | a woman who has never produced a viable offspring
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| therapeutic abortion (TA) | abortion induced legally for medical or other reasons
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| ovaries | almond-shaped glands located in the pelvic cavity which produce the ovum and various hormones
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| uterine fibroids | benign tumours composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus; also called leiomyomas, myomas, or fibroids
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| reduction mammography | breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast
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| menorrhagia | bursting forth of menses
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| spermicides | chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus
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| breech presentation | common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttons or feet present first rather than the head
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| tissue (skin) expansion | common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant
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| pregnancy | condition in which a fertilized ovum develops in the uterus
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| atresia | congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina
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| reconstructive breast surgery | creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease
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| papanicolaou (PAP) test | cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination
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| insufflation | delivery of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication
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| conization | excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination
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| lumpectomy | excision of a small primary breast tumour and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
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| mastectomy | excision of the entire breast
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| radical mastectomy | excision of the entire breast all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast
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| modified radical mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm
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| total (simple) mastectomy | excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simple mastectomy
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| hymenectomy | excision of the hymen
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| hysterectomy | excision of the uterus
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| vulvectomy | excision of the vulva
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| pseudocyesis | false pregnancy
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| galactorrhea | flow of milk
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| down syndrome | genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 and occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, which causes delays in the way a child develops mentally and physically; also called trisomy 21
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| total hysterectomy | hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain; also called complete hysterectomy
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| subtotal hysterectomy | hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain
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| sterility | inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female
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| cesarean section | incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called c-section
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| hydrocephalus | increased accumulation of the cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain
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| oxytocic's | induce labour at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions
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| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix
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| endocervicitis | inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
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| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary
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| vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina
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| augmentation | insertion of a breast prosthesis beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle
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| gestation | length of time from conception to birth
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| choriocarcinoma | alignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy
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| dysmenorrhea | menstrual pain
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| pelimetry | measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery
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| eclampsia | most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
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| os | opening or mouth
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| orifice | mouth; entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure
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| vagina | muscular tube extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body
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| placenta previa | obstetric complication in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labour when the cervix dilates
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| dyspareunia | occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse
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| gynecologist | one who specializes in the study of the female
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| uterus | organ that contains and nourishes the embryo from the time of fertilization until birth
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| natal | pertaining to birth
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| labial | pertaining to the lip
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| ectopic pregnancy | pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity, such as a fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen, or even the cervix uteri
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| abruptio placentae | premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the third stage of labour; also called placental abruption
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| tubal ligation | procedure that ties the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
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| cryosurgery | process of freezing tissue to destroy cells; also called cryocautery
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| location | production and release of milk by mammary glands
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| mammography | radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer
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| (HSG) hysterosalpingography | radiography and usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes following injection of a contrast medium
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| mammary | relating to the breast
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| endometrial biopsy | removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study
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| cordcentesis | sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance
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| (CVS) chorionic villus sampling | sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
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| kernicterus | serous condition involving mental retardation, jaundice and brain damage
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| pruritis vulvae | severe itching of the external female genitalia
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| external genitalia | sex, or reproductive, organs visible on the outside of the body; also called genitals
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| (IUD) intrauterine device | small, t-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
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| colpocleisis | surgical closure of the vaginal canal
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| tranverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap | surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen which is passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaping abdominal tissue into a natural looking breast and suturing it into place
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| mammoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape or position
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| colorrhaphy | suture of the vagina
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| cerclage | suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion
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| oral contraceptives | synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstral disorders
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| prostaglandins | terminate pregnancy
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| abortion | termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside
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| tubal insufflation | test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflations with carbon dioxide; also called Rubin test
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| menopause | the end of menstration for the remainder of a woman's life
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| total plus bilateral salpingo oophroectomy | total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
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| amniocentesis | transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
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| estrogens | treat symptoms of menopause through hormone replacement therapy
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| antifungals | treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process
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| retroversion | turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position
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| transvaginal ultrasound (US) | US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis
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| (US) ultrasonography | use of high-frequency sound waves directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on monitor of internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonograpy, and echo
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| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
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| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument
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| leukorrhea | white vaginal discharge
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| D&C, dilations and curettage | widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping the uterine endometrium with a curette
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| intrauterine | within the uterus
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