Med term urinary
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| function of urinary system | remove waste regulates water and electrolytes
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| electrolytes | substances in the blood and body fluid that balance body functions
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| examples of electrolytes | sodium potassium calcium phosphorus magnesium
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| urine | waste and water filtered from the kidney to be discharged
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| ureters | connects kidney to bladder
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| bladder | hold urine until the need to void
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| void | another term for urinate
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| urinary meatus | external opening of the urethra
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| urethra | small passage way from the bladder to the urinary meatus
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| prostate | gland that surrounds urethra just under the bladder (male)
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| function of the prostate gland | secretes fluid that helps sperm get out side the body
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| renal capsule | tough outer covering of the kidney
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| cortex | contains nephrons that filter organs to the medulla of the kidney
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| hilum | where the ureter is attached
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| calyx | the structure the urine empties into the pelvis of the kidney
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| pelvis | the part of the kidney that collects the urine from the entire kidney
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| function of a nephron | filters waste products and excess fluid from the blood
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| urea, uric acid, creatinine, electrolytes, sugar | waste products and excess products that the nephrons remove from the blood
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| approximate number of nephrons that each kidney contains | millions
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| cystitis | most common urinary infection
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| cause of cystitis | urinary retention or improper hygiene habits
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| urgency | need to void immediately
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| frequency | voiding in small but frequent amounts
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine
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| symptoms of cystitis | frequency, urgency, hematuria, bacteriuria, pain
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| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| ureteritis | inflammation of the ureter/s
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney pelvis
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| pyelonephritis | serious kidney infection with symptoms of fever, nausea, vomiting, pyuria, bacteruria, and hematuria
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| glomerulonephritis | toxins from bacteria that cause strep throat can result in temporary damage of the glomerulus
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| proteinuria | protein in the urine
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| oliguria | decrease urine production, less than 500 ml in 24 hours
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| edema | swelling due to retained fluid in the body
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| causes of acute tubular necrosis | nephrotoxins or ischemia
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| ischemia | deficient blood supply
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| nephrotoxins | substances that are poisonous to the kidney that are either ingested or inhaled
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| hemodialysis | treatment for damaged kidneys to filter fluid and waste products from the blood outside the body using a dialysis machine
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| hydronephrosis | fluid/urine back flow into the kidney causing it to dilate
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| lithotomy | incision to remove a stone
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| lithotripsy | surgically crushing a stone
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| what might cause an obstruction where the bladder meets the urethra | scar tissue, stones, tumors, blood clots
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| prostatic hyperplasia | abnormal growth of the prostate gland tissue
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| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy
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| phimosis | condition when the end of the penis is blocked or narrowed
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| prepuce | the fold of skin that covers the end of the penis
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| antibiotic | type of medication given for an infection
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| estrogenic | female hormones sometimes given for the treatment of prostate cancer
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| chemotherapy | type of drug used for malignant tumors
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| diuretic | type of drug that helps to increase the secretion of urine
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| blood tests to determine kidney function | BUN and serum creatinine
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| urinalysis | laboratory test most commonly used on urine
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| KUB x-ray, ultrasonography, CT, MRI | non-invasive x-ray exams done to examine the urinary system
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| catheter | kind of equipment used to instill dye into the bladder or drain fluid from the bladder
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| cystogram | test that uses dye instilled into the bladder
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| reflux | a backward flow of urine due to weak valves in the bladder or an obstruction
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| IVP | intravenous pyelogram
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| intravenous pyelogram | test to x-ray the kidney pelvis and find abnormalities of renal arteries, tumors, or cysts
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| retrograde pyelogram | test that is ordered if an IVP and a cystogram are done together
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| urethroscopy | can detect abnormalities or constrictions, or to remove part of the prostate to alleviate an obstruction
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| cystoscopy | visualizes the bladder
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| nephroscopy | visualizes the kidney
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| renal biopsy | small piece of kidney tissue is removed using a long needle inserted through the skin into the kidney
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| cystotomy | incision into the bladder
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| cystoplasty | repair of the bladder
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| cystostomy | new opening into the bladder
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| urethropexy | surgery to fix and support the urethra
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| pyelolithotomy | incision into the kidney pelvis to remove a calculus/stone
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| cystolithotomy | removal of a stone from the bladder
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| nephrectomy | removal of a kidney
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| renal transplant | transfer of a donor kidney into a recipient
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