Chap 5 Medical terminology & Anatomy & Physiology
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| Cardi: word part and meaning | root, heart
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| Neur: word part and meaning | root, nerve
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| Nas: word part and meaning | root, nose/nassal
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| Or: word part and meaning | root, mouth/oral
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| Hyper: Worde part and meaning | prefix, above normal or high
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| Hypo: Word part and meaning | prefix, below normal or low
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| Tachy: word part and meaning | Prefix, above normal or rapid
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| Brady: Word part and meaning | Prefix, below normal or slow
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| -ac: word part and meaning | Suffix, pertaining to
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| -ology: word part or meaning | Sufix, study of
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| -al: word part and meaning | Suffix, pertaning to
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| -ist: word part and meaning | sufix, one who specializes in
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| Anatomy | the study of body structure
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| physiology | the study of body function
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| Atomical postion | the body is standing facing forward with palms facing outward
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| plane | a flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object
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| midline | an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body dividing into left and right halves
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| medial | is the middle of the midline
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| bilateral | both sides
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| mid-axillary line | a line drawn vertically from the middle of the arm pit to the ankle
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| anterior | the front of the body part
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| posterior | the back of the body part
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| ventral | referring to the front of the body a synonym for anterior
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| dorsal | referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. Synonym for posterior.
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| Superior | towards the head...the top.. something like the head is superior to the chest.
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| inferior | Away from the head towards the bottom the lips are inferior to the nose
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| proximal | closer to the torso
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| distal | farther away from the torso
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| torso | the trunk of the body.. the part of the body that is left when you remove the head and the extremities
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| palmar | referring to the palm of the hand
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| plantar | referring to the sole of the foot
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| mid clavicular line | the line through the center of each clavicle
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| abdominal quadrants | four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury.
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| What are the four quadrants? | RUQ or the right upper quadrant
LUQ the left upper quadrant
RLQ right lower quadrant
LLQ and the left lower quadrant
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| Supine | lying on the back
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| prone | lying face down
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| recovery postion | lying on the side. Also called lateral recumbent position
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| Fowler postion | a sitting position
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| Lateral recumbent | laying on the side
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| trendelenburg position | a position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head
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| thyroid cartilage or adams apple | the wing shaped plate of cartilage that sets anterior to the larynx and forms the adams apple.
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| musculoskeletal system | the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
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| skeleton | the bone of the body
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| muscle | the tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part
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| ligament | tissue that connects bone to bone
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| tendon | tissue that connect muscle to bone
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| what makes up the musculoskeletal system? | bones joints muscles
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| What make sup the respiratory system? | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, lungs
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| what makes up the cardiovascular system? | heart, arteries, veins
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| what makes up the blood system? | plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platlets
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| What makes up the nervous system? | brain, spinal cord, nerves
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| What makes up the digestive system? | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine or colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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| What makes up the integumentary | skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
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| What makes up the endocrine system | plutaratory gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, the thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testis, ovaries
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| What makes up the renal or the urinary system? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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| What makes up the male reproductive system? | testis, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland
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| What makes up the female reproductive system? | Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breast
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| What is the functions of the musculoskeletal system? | skeleton supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals. Muscles produce movment
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| What is the function of the respiratory system | obtains oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
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| What is the function of the cardiovascular system? | pumps blood throughout the interior body to transport nutrients, oxygen and waste.
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| What is the function of the blood system? | transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and promotes clotting to control bleeding.
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| What is the function of the nervous system? | receives sensory information and coordinates the body's response.
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| What is the function of the digestive system? | ingest, digest, and absorbs nutrients for the body.
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| What is the function of the integumentary system? | forms protective barrier and aids in temperature regulations.
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| What is the function of the endocrine system? | regulates metabolic/hormonal activity in the body.
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| What is the function of the renal urinary system? | filters waste products out of the blood and remove them from the body.
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| What is the function of the male reproductive system? | produces sperm for reproduction
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| What is the function of the female reproductive system? | to produce eggs for reproduction and provides place for a growing baby.
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| Skull | the bony structure of the head
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| cranium | the top back and side of the skull
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| the mandible | the lower jaw bone
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| maxillae | the two fused bones forming the upper jaw
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| nasal bones | the nose bones
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| orbits | the bony structures around the eyes and eye sockets
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| zygomatic arches | bones that form the structure of the cheeks
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| vertebrae | 33 bone of the spinal column
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| thorax | the chest
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| sternum | the breast bone
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| manubrium | the superior portion of the sternum
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| xiphoid process | the inferior portion of the sternum
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| pelvis | the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
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| ilium | the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
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| ischium | the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
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| pubis | the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
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| acetabulum | the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.
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| femur | the large bone of the thigh
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| patella | knee cap
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| tibia | the medial and larger bone of the lower leg (shin)
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| fibula | the lateral and the smaller bone of the lower leg
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| malleolus | protrusion on the side of the ankles.
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| Tarsals | ankle bones
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| metatarsals | the foot bones
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| phlangles | finger bones and toe bones
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| calcaneus | heel bone
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| clavicle | collar bone
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| scapula | shoulder blade
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| acromion process | the highest portion of the shoulder
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| acromioclavicular joint | the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
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| humerus | the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the ableo
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| radius | the lateral bone of the foearm
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| ulna | the medial bone of the forearm
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| carpals | the wrist bones
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| metacarpals | the hand bones
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| CPAP (see-pap) | Continuous positive airway pressure
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| What doe sit mean when you add the letter "A" to any medical term? | Without
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| Systole | beating of the heart
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| Asystole | no heart beat
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| Megaly | enlarged
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| hepto | liver
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| Where do white blood cells come from? | the spleen
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| osis | condition of
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| Cyte | Cell
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| leukocyte | white cell
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| leuko | white
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| orbit | opening through the skull where the eye is found
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| periorbital | around the eye
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| What is in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) | Liver, colon, right kidney, pancreas, gallbladder
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| What is in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) | Liver, spleen, Left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas
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| What is in the Right lower quadrant (RLQ) | Right kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to the right leg, ureter, appendix
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| What is in the left lower quadrant (LLQ) | left kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein of the left leg, ureter
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| What color is your face when you BP is up | RED
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| What color is your face when you Bp s low? | paile
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| How many bones are in the human body? | 206
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| fantails | soft spot on baby
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| how many vertebrae do we have? | 33
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| How many section of vertebrae are there? | 5
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| How many vertebrae are in the cervical (neck)? | 7
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| How many vertebrae are in the thoracic (thorax, ribs, upper back)? | 12
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| How many vertebrae are in the lumbar (lower back) | 5
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| How many vertebrae are in the sacral (back wall of pelvis)? | 5
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| How many vertebrae are in the coccyx (tailbone) | 4
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| Which lung is bigger the left or right side? | right side
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| How many lobes are in the left side of the lung? | 2
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| How many lobes are in the right side of the lung? | 3
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| Where doe steh hear sit? | under the sternum towards the left side.
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| Patella | knee cap
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| What are 2 major types of joints? | ball and socket joint and hinge joint
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| What are three types of muscle? | Voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac
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| What are voluntary (skeletal) muscles? | they move when you want them to move.
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| What are involuntary (smooth) muscles? | they move without thought or with out telling them to.
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| Why do we breath? | to rid our bodies of carbon dioxide
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| Crina | Cough stimulant
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| cilia | little hairs in the trachea
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| how much oxygen do we inhale? | 21%
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| How much oxygen do we exhale? | 16%
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| How much oxygen do we use? | 5%
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| How many times longer doe sit take to inhale then to exhale? | 3 to 4 times longer
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| Ventilator | moving gases to and from alveoli
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| respiration | exchange of gases between cells and blood stream
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| 4 chambers of the heart are? | right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
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| What is textbook perfect blood pressure? | 120/80
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| ** Will for sure be on the test** What is the largest strongest chamber of the heart | Left ventricle
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| What is the atrioventricular (AV node) known as? | the pacemaker of the heart
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| What are the components of blood? | Plasma (saltwater), red blood cells, white blood cells, platlets
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| What do red blood cells known as? | dump trucks
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| what is another name for white blood cells? | erythrocytes
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| What do white blood cells do? | Fight off infection
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| What do platelets do? | clotting
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| What percent of sodium chloride (NaCL) is in your plasma? | 0.9%
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| joint | the point where two bones come together
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| automaticity | specialized involuntary muscles found only in the heat.
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| respiratory system | the system of the nose mouth throat lungs and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide
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| oropharynx | the are directly posterior (behind) to the mouth.
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| nasopharynx | the are directly posterior to the nose.
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| pharynx | the area posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.
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| epiglottis | a leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
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| larynx | the voice box
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| cricoid | the ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
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| Trachea | the wind pipe
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| Bronchi | the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea (windpipe) and enter the lungs
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| alveoli | the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with bloodstream takes place
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| vena cavae | the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. these two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium.
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| What is the largest artery in the body? | Aorta
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| Valve | a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
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| Cardiac conduction system | a system of muscle tissue that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
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| artery | any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
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| coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply the muscles of the heart
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| pulmonary arteries | the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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| carodit artieres | the large neck arteries on either side of the neck
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| Femoral artery | the manager artery supplying the leg.
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| brachial artery | artery of the upper arm the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR
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| Posterior tibial artery | artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
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| dorsalis pedis artery | artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
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| arteriole | the smallest kind of artery
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| capillary | a thin walled microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place.
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| venule | the smallest vein
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| vein | any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
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| pulmonary veins | the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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| Name the peripheral pulses: | radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis
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| Name the central pulses: | carotid and femoral pulses
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| systolic blood pressure | the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out in to circulation
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| diastolic blood pressure | the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refiling.
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| perfusion | the supply of oxygen and the removal of waste from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
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| CNS = central nervous system is made up of what? | brain and spinal cord
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| PNS = peripheral nervous system is made up of what? | the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and the organs without passing through the spinal cord.
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| What is the largest organ in the body | the liver
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| Gallbladder | stores bile produced by liver
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| pancreas | produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion
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| spleen | acts as a blood filtration system
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| Subcutaneous layers | the layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis (the second layer of the skin rich in blood vessels and nerves)
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| endocrine system | system of glands that produce chemicals, called hormones, that help to regulate many body activities and functions.
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| insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
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| epinephrine | a hormone produced by the body as a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve sever allergic reactions.
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| renal system | the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood, also called the urinary system.
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| kidneys | organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
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| blader | the round sack like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine.
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| ureters | the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
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| urethra | tube connecting the blader to the vigina or the penis for excretion of urien
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| reproductive system | the body's system the is responsible for human production
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| testis | the male organ of reproduction used for production of sperm
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