Renaissance
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| Renaissance | Transition from Medieval times to the early modern world.
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| Humanism | Intellectual movement during Italian Renaissance.
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| Humanities | Subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.
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| Classical Studies | Greek and Roman History
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| Urban Society | Trade assumed greater importance.
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| Bourgeoisie | Middle class
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| Secular | Having to do with worldly rather than religious matters.
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| Patrons | Financial supporters of the arts.
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| Mercenaries | Soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay.
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| Lorenzo de Medici | Major patron of the arts in his city state of Florence ("The Magnificent")
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| Francesco Petrarch | Translated classics invented the sonnet.
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| Baldassare Castiglione | Wrote The Book of the Courtier
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| The Book of the Courtier | Describes manners, skills, learning, and virtues that members of the court should have.
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| Niccolo Machiavelli | Wrote guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
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| The Prince | Written by Niccolo Machiavelli - how to get power and keep it.
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| Vernacular Literature | Everyday language of ordinary people.
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| Dante | Vernacular poet, wrote Divine Comedy
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| Geoffrey Chaucer | Wrote Canterbury Tales - vernacular stories.
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| William Shakespeare | Poet and Playright
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| Johann Gutenberg | Printed first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with moveable type.
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| Fresco | Paint right on the wall while plaster is still wet (ex: Leonardo Da Vinci - The Last Supper).
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| Perspective | Techniques for representing both humans and landscape allowed Renaissance artists to create realistic art.
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| Chiaroscuro | Use of lighting effects - black and white; mixing different shades.
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| Oil Pants | Mix better; gave more colors.
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| Peita | Pity
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| Middle Ages | 500 AD/CE-1500 AD/CE - Civilization's "mid-life crisis" - transition from ancient to modern
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| Early Middle Ages | (500-1000 AD) Known as the dark ages. Best known for feudalism and the rise of the Catholic Church
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| Feudalism | Social system based on birth, land, and loyalty.
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| Feudal Contract | agreement between a lord (who gave land) and a vassal (who gave loyalty/service)
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| Chivalry | Code of conduct for knights.
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| Nobles vs Serfs | 10% were nobles/lords, 90% peasants/serfs
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| Life Expectancy | Average life expectancy was 30 years - concern with afterlife
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| Catholic Church | Survived the fall of Rome, unifying elements in Europe, acted as a go between for man and God, determined salvation
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| Later Middle Ages | (1000-1500 AD) Major events: Crusades, town life, Magna Carta, and Black Death
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| Crusades (wars of the cross) | 1096-1204 - cause was control of the Holy Land/Jerusalem, main result was increased travel and trade between east and the west
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| Town Life | population shift from towns to cities, trade opened up, social mobility, rise of bourgeoisie (middle class)
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| Magna Carta | 1215- Great Charter, signed by King John of England. Three essential ideas: even kings must follow the law, listening to individual rights, taxation must be fair
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| Black Death | 1348- bubonic plague, bacteria transmitted by flea bites, carried on trade ships by rats, 20-25 million killed (abt 1/3 of Europe's population)
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| Early Renaissance Art | Most art was religious in nature and told stories
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| Sandro Botticelli | The Birth of Venus
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| Donatello | St. George, Gattamelata, David
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| High Renaissance art | more classical/humanist ideas, studio system developed, bigger scale
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| Leonardo Da Vinci | Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, various notebook sketches
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| Raphael | St. George and the Dragon, La Belle Jardiniere, The School of Athens, Baldassare Castiglione
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| Michelangelo | Pieta, David, Sistine Chapel, Moses, Medici Family Tomb, The Last Judgement, St. Peter's Basilica, The Deposition of Christ
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| Northern Renaissance | realistic portraits; very detailed; symbolism and social comment
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| Albrecht Durer | self portrait, A Young Hare, The Four Horsemen, The Bagpiper,
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| Pieter Breughel | The Peasant Wedding, Hunters in the Snow, The Beggars
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| Rembrandt | Philosopher in Meditation, self-portraits, The Three Crosses
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Created by:
mrsvaldez
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