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Renaissance
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | Transition from Medieval times to the early modern world. |
| Humanism | Intellectual movement during Italian Renaissance. |
| Humanities | Subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history. |
| Classical Studies | Greek and Roman History |
| Urban Society | Trade assumed greater importance. |
| Bourgeoisie | Middle class |
| Secular | Having to do with worldly rather than religious matters. |
| Patrons | Financial supporters of the arts. |
| Mercenaries | Soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay. |
| Lorenzo de Medici | Major patron of the arts in his city state of Florence ("The Magnificent") |
| Francesco Petrarch | Translated classics invented the sonnet. |
| Baldassare Castiglione | Wrote The Book of the Courtier |
| The Book of the Courtier | Describes manners, skills, learning, and virtues that members of the court should have. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Wrote guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power. |
| The Prince | Written by Niccolo Machiavelli - how to get power and keep it. |
| Vernacular Literature | Everyday language of ordinary people. |
| Dante | Vernacular poet, wrote Divine Comedy |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | Wrote Canterbury Tales - vernacular stories. |
| William Shakespeare | Poet and Playright |
| Johann Gutenberg | Printed first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with moveable type. |
| Fresco | Paint right on the wall while plaster is still wet (ex: Leonardo Da Vinci - The Last Supper). |
| Perspective | Techniques for representing both humans and landscape allowed Renaissance artists to create realistic art. |
| Chiaroscuro | Use of lighting effects - black and white; mixing different shades. |
| Oil Pants | Mix better; gave more colors. |
| Peita | Pity |
| Middle Ages | 500 AD/CE-1500 AD/CE - Civilization's "mid-life crisis" - transition from ancient to modern |
| Early Middle Ages | (500-1000 AD) Known as the dark ages. Best known for feudalism and the rise of the Catholic Church |
| Feudalism | Social system based on birth, land, and loyalty. |
| Feudal Contract | agreement between a lord (who gave land) and a vassal (who gave loyalty/service) |
| Chivalry | Code of conduct for knights. |
| Nobles vs Serfs | 10% were nobles/lords, 90% peasants/serfs |
| Life Expectancy | Average life expectancy was 30 years - concern with afterlife |
| Catholic Church | Survived the fall of Rome, unifying elements in Europe, acted as a go between for man and God, determined salvation |
| Later Middle Ages | (1000-1500 AD) Major events: Crusades, town life, Magna Carta, and Black Death |
| Crusades (wars of the cross) | 1096-1204 - cause was control of the Holy Land/Jerusalem, main result was increased travel and trade between east and the west |
| Town Life | population shift from towns to cities, trade opened up, social mobility, rise of bourgeoisie (middle class) |
| Magna Carta | 1215- Great Charter, signed by King John of England. Three essential ideas: even kings must follow the law, listening to individual rights, taxation must be fair |
| Black Death | 1348- bubonic plague, bacteria transmitted by flea bites, carried on trade ships by rats, 20-25 million killed (abt 1/3 of Europe's population) |
| Early Renaissance Art | Most art was religious in nature and told stories |
| Sandro Botticelli | The Birth of Venus |
| Donatello | St. George, Gattamelata, David |
| High Renaissance art | more classical/humanist ideas, studio system developed, bigger scale |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, various notebook sketches |
| Raphael | St. George and the Dragon, La Belle Jardiniere, The School of Athens, Baldassare Castiglione |
| Michelangelo | Pieta, David, Sistine Chapel, Moses, Medici Family Tomb, The Last Judgement, St. Peter's Basilica, The Deposition of Christ |
| Northern Renaissance | realistic portraits; very detailed; symbolism and social comment |
| Albrecht Durer | self portrait, A Young Hare, The Four Horsemen, The Bagpiper, |
| Pieter Breughel | The Peasant Wedding, Hunters in the Snow, The Beggars |
| Rembrandt | Philosopher in Meditation, self-portraits, The Three Crosses |
Created by:
mrsvaldez
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