Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids
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| Protein in US diet | 2/3 come from poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products. More money more animal protein.
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| Plants and Animals | protein, B vitamins, minerals such as iron, zinc, and calcium
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| Building Blocks of Protein | Amino Acid - central carbon bound to hydrogen (amino group)
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| Where do essential amino acids come from | Diet and can not be synthesized by human body in amounts that meets the needs
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| Transamination | when a non essential amino acid is not available from the diet, the body then produces the amino acid not available.
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| Peptide bonds | chemical bonds that link amino acids together formed by amino acids and nitrogen.
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| Dipeptide | bond between 2 amino acids
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| polypeptide | bond between many amino acids
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| Protein | made up of many polypeptides and folded into a 3-dimensional shape
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| Elongated Protein Shape | connective tissue proteins & collagen
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| Spherical Protein Shape | hemoglobin- needs protein to move oxygen (iron)
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| Altered protein shape | function is disrupted
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| Digestion of Protein | peptides bonds move to the mucsosa cells and are broken down into amino acids
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| Absorption of Protein | amino acids travel from mucosa cells --> blood---> liver
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| How many Kcals in Protein | 4 Kcals
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| Protein digestion and allergies | protein is absorbed w/o complete digestion and can cause anaphylaxis. Soy, milk, eggs, nuts, wheat, shellfish, and peanuts are most common.
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| Most important organ for amino acid metabolism | Liver
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| What happens when proteins are not metabolized properly | ammonia build up
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| Protein Function | speed up metabolic reactions, move substances in/out of cells (protein channel) , immune system (plasma proteins, contracts muscles, hormones are chemical messengers (insulin glucagon), regulate fluid and acid base balance
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| Kwashoirkor | Protein deficiency, swollen belly
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| Marasmus | Protein and energy deficiency, depletion of fat and wasting of muscles
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| PEM- Protein-energy malnutrition | describes protein and protein/energy deficiency
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| Protein Excess | long periods of excess can cause: hydration and kidney problems, bone health issues, kidney stones, increased risk of heart disease and cancer, liver can be damaged from overload.
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| PKU Phenulketonuria | Inherited through defective gene, also comes from aspartame ( sugar substitute).
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| MSG - Monosodium Glutamate | MSG contains glutamate bound to sodium, Chinese Restaurant Syndrome. Symptoms- flushed face, tingling or burning sensations, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and general weakness
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| Nitrogen balance healthy individual | nitrogen in = nitrogen out
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| Nitrogen balance for elderly/ill | Nitrogen in < Nitrogen out
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| Nitrogen balance for pregnancy/body builder | Nitrogen in > Nitrogen out
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| Protein requirements | .8g/kg body weight, Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range 10-35% of energy for adults, increase for pregnancy, growth, and lactation.
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| Protein Complementation | Balance is key and variety important
rice + beans will = amount of protein needed.
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| Vegan | NO animal
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| Lactovegetarian | NO animal but will consume dairy
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| Lacto-ovo-vegetarian | NO animal but consume eggs and dairy products
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| Pescetarian | NO animal but will consume fish
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| Semivegetarian | NO red meat but will consume chicken, fish, and dairy.
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