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Nutrition
Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protein in US diet | 2/3 come from poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products. More money more animal protein. |
| Plants and Animals | protein, B vitamins, minerals such as iron, zinc, and calcium |
| Building Blocks of Protein | Amino Acid - central carbon bound to hydrogen (amino group) |
| Where do essential amino acids come from | Diet and can not be synthesized by human body in amounts that meets the needs |
| Transamination | when a non essential amino acid is not available from the diet, the body then produces the amino acid not available. |
| Peptide bonds | chemical bonds that link amino acids together formed by amino acids and nitrogen. |
| Dipeptide | bond between 2 amino acids |
| polypeptide | bond between many amino acids |
| Protein | made up of many polypeptides and folded into a 3-dimensional shape |
| Elongated Protein Shape | connective tissue proteins & collagen |
| Spherical Protein Shape | hemoglobin- needs protein to move oxygen (iron) |
| Altered protein shape | function is disrupted |
| Digestion of Protein | peptides bonds move to the mucsosa cells and are broken down into amino acids |
| Absorption of Protein | amino acids travel from mucosa cells --> blood---> liver |
| How many Kcals in Protein | 4 Kcals |
| Protein digestion and allergies | protein is absorbed w/o complete digestion and can cause anaphylaxis. Soy, milk, eggs, nuts, wheat, shellfish, and peanuts are most common. |
| Most important organ for amino acid metabolism | Liver |
| What happens when proteins are not metabolized properly | ammonia build up |
| Protein Function | speed up metabolic reactions, move substances in/out of cells (protein channel) , immune system (plasma proteins, contracts muscles, hormones are chemical messengers (insulin glucagon), regulate fluid and acid base balance |
| Kwashoirkor | Protein deficiency, swollen belly |
| Marasmus | Protein and energy deficiency, depletion of fat and wasting of muscles |
| PEM- Protein-energy malnutrition | describes protein and protein/energy deficiency |
| Protein Excess | long periods of excess can cause: hydration and kidney problems, bone health issues, kidney stones, increased risk of heart disease and cancer, liver can be damaged from overload. |
| PKU Phenulketonuria | Inherited through defective gene, also comes from aspartame ( sugar substitute). |
| MSG - Monosodium Glutamate | MSG contains glutamate bound to sodium, Chinese Restaurant Syndrome. Symptoms- flushed face, tingling or burning sensations, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and general weakness |
| Nitrogen balance healthy individual | nitrogen in = nitrogen out |
| Nitrogen balance for elderly/ill | Nitrogen in < Nitrogen out |
| Nitrogen balance for pregnancy/body builder | Nitrogen in > Nitrogen out |
| Protein requirements | .8g/kg body weight, Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range 10-35% of energy for adults, increase for pregnancy, growth, and lactation. |
| Protein Complementation | Balance is key and variety important rice + beans will = amount of protein needed. |
| Vegan | NO animal |
| Lactovegetarian | NO animal but will consume dairy |
| Lacto-ovo-vegetarian | NO animal but consume eggs and dairy products |
| Pescetarian | NO animal but will consume fish |
| Semivegetarian | NO red meat but will consume chicken, fish, and dairy. |
Created by:
sthomp17
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