Early India
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| Subcontinent | large landmass that juts out from a continent
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| Plateau | raised area of level land
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| Monsoon | seasonal wind
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| Veneration | special regard for
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| Describe two ways in which geography has influenced the people of South Asia | Mountains limited contact with other lands and people, steep passes through the Hindu Kush Mountains sever as gateways to migrating and invading peoples
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| What evidence shows that Indus Valley civilization had a well-orgainized government? | They had well-planned cities
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| Why do we know so little about Indus Valley civilization? | A natural disaster destroyed the remains of the town burying it (1500 BC)
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| Vedas | A collection of prayers, hymns, and other religious teachings that teach us about the Aryans
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| Brahmins | Priests
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| Kshatriyas | Warriors
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| Vaisyas | Herders, farmers, artisans, and merchants
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| Sudras | Dravidians and Non-Aryans
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| Indra | God of war
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| Caste | social groups which people are born into and cannot change
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| Brahman | single spiritual power
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| Mystics | people who devote their lives to seeking spiritual truth
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| Rajahs | Chiefs of Aryan tribes
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| What do the Vedas tell us about Aryan society and religion? | Warriors, herders, farmers, caste system, polytheistic
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| How did Aryan life change as a result of expansion in India? | Grew out of being nomadic and started a civilization
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| What kinds of lessons do Rama and Sita each in the epics of the Ramayana? | Devotion, virtue
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| Atman | Another name for brahman
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| Moksha | Union with brahman
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| Reincarnation | Rebirth of a soul
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| Karma | Actions that affect next life
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| Dharma | Religious and moral duties of a person
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| Ahimsa | Nonviolence
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| Nirvana | Union with the universe, release from the recycle of birth
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| Sects | Smaller groups
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| Shiva | The destroyer
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| Jainism | Religion based on hindu traditions, meditation, self-denial, extreme ahisma (brooms)
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| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism
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| Four Noble Truths | All life is full of suffering pain and sorrow, The cause of suffering is the desire for things that are really illusion such as riches power and long life, The only cure for suffering is to overcome desire, The way to overcome desire is eightfold path
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| Theravada | Original Buddhism, spiritual work
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| Mahayana | Less intense, worshiped Buddha as god
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| What are three basic teachings of Hinduism | Polytheistic, sacred texts (vedas), dharma
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| According to Buddha, what actions would allow people to escape worldly suffering? | Overcoming desire and following the eightfold path
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| How did Buddhism spread beyond India? | His followers set up all over (Tibet, Korea, Japan)
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| Dissent | Differing or opposing ideas
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| Missionaries | People sent on religious missions
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| Golden Age | Period of great cultural achievements
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| Decimal System | Numbers based on 10
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| Stupas | Large dome-shaped shrines that housed sacred remains
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| Murals | Wall paintings
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| Chandragupta Maurya | First great Indian emperor
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| Asoka | Most honored Maurya emperor
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| Faxian | Chinese Buddhist monk who visited India in 400s
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| Kalidasa | Greatest Gupta poet and playwright
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| How did Asoka bring peace and prosperity to India? | Built roads, hospitals, shrines, rest houses, and spread Buddhism
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| What were some achievements of the kingdoms of Deccan? | Temples, workshops, languages, tradition
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| Why is the Gupta period considered a golden age of India? | Strong central government that promoted peace and prosperity, learning advance, architecture, arts
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| Untouchable | Lowest ranked outcastes, impure jobs, hard life
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| Shakti | Women's creative energy
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| Sati | Widow forced to kill herself by throwing herself into her husbands funeral fire
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| Joint Family | When extended family shares a common dwelling
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| Dowry | Bride's families payment to pay for wedding
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| Describe the development of the caste system after Aryan times | New castes as new people came, kept structure in the town
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| Structure of the traditional Indian family (woman)? | Father head of house, children followed family duties and learned, wife stayed inside and did chores and showed love
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| Government of Indian village | Ruled by most respected people of village based on castes and traditions
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