Final Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the order of draw in tube colors? | Yellow, Red, Light Blue, Tiger Top, Green, Lavender, Gray
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| What are the additives in each color tube? | Yellow: SPS
Red: None
Light Blue: Sodium Citrate (anticoagulant)
Tiger Top: Clot Activator
Dark Green: Sodium or Lithium Heparin
Lavender: EDTA
Gray: Sodium Fluoride/Calcium Oxylate
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| What are the tests drawn for each color tube? | Yellow: Blood Cultures
Red: Therapeutic Drug Levels, Titers
Light Blue: PT, PTT
Tiger: Chemistries, Organ Function, Lipids, Hormones, Vitamin D
Green: Magnesium, Blood Ph, Blood Gas
Lavender: CBC, HCT, HGB, WBC, RBC, Platelet, ESR
Gray: Glucose
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| Basic unit of measurement for metric system: Volume Weight | Volume: Liters
Weight: Grams
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| How long can a tourniquet be left on before a blood draw? | Less than one minute
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| What main color is the gram stain? | Gram stain positive: Purple/Violet
Gram Stain negative: Pink
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| What color do gram stain positive bacteria turn? | Purple
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| Is iron needed to make hemoglobin? | Yes
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| What can cause a hematoma to form? | Leaving the tourniquet on too long, wrong size needle for vein
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| How do you prepare a blood smear? | 1 drop of whole blood on a slide. Use another slide to smear the blood into a feather effect at end of smear.
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| What good can happen of using rapid test kits? | Faster results
Ability to prescribe antibiotics faster
Reliable/Inexpensive
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| List some things you can do as a phlebotomist that can make a vein "pop up" | Use heat
Palpate
Tourniquet
BP cuff
Pt make fist
Arm below heart
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| What can do if you don't invert your tubes right away? | A microclot can form.
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| Why is a microclot bad? | Because the additive won't get mixed in with the blood and then the test is ruined
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| What are the three main cell types and what are their functions? | WBC/Leukocyte: Fight Infection
RBC/Erythrocyte: Carry oxygen
Platelet/Thrombocyte: Aid in clotting
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| What is the normal range for thrombocyte/platelet? | 200,000-400,000
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| Why do we wipe away the first drop of capillary blood? | So there are no tissue fluids in the test
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| What do you do if you poke someone's finger and no blood comes out? | Apply steady pressure at the first knuckle. Gently reapply pressure if a puncture starts to clot. Repoke of necessary
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| What is the most common test for a tube with EDTA? | EDTA=Lavender
Most common test: CBC
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| What are dermatocytes? | Pathogens that affect the hair, skin and nails
Examples: Ringworm, Pediculosis
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| Your patient comes in to see the doctor because s/he is not feeling well. The doc wants a blood culture X2 and wants to prescribe antibiotic. When should you collect the test? | Before the pt takes the antibiotic prescribed.
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| When doing a throat culture, where do you swab? | back of the throat, tonsils, and anywhere you see white patches. Do NOT swab the tongue, cheek or gums
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| What is the very first thing you should do what you prepare a patient for a blood draw? | Greet them and set them at ease. Communicate.
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| What is equal to 0 degrees Celsius? | 32 Degrees F
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| If anything goes wrong during a blood draw, what is the first thing you should do? | Pop the tourniquet.
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| What can happen if the tourniquet is left on too long? | It can cause hemoconcentration
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| What can happen if hemoconcentration occurs? | Hemolysis
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| What is hemolysis? | Rupturing of RBC during collection
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| How is TB detected? | Acid Fast stain
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| What is the most common form of antiseptic used for blood draws? | Alcohol
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| How do we describe a HCT test? | % of packed RBC in a given amount of blood
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| Why do we test HCT? | Check for anemia
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| What is post exposure prophylaxis | Medication you take after being exposed to a dirty needle stick
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| What do you do if you've been stuck by a dirty needle? | Safety the needle, wash your hands, tend to your PT, tell your supervisor
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| What is a really important vitamin for the clotting process? | Vitamin K
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| What can cause anemia? | Renal failure, malabsorption, Vit K deficiency, sickle cell
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| What is hemolytic anemia? | an autoimmune disease that causes the body to destroy it's own RBC
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| What color stopper evacuation tube is used for coagulation testing? | Light Blue
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| Name two tests that check for coagulation | PT, PTT
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| If you perform a hemoglobin test, would you say it could tell you the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? | Yes
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| What can cause hemolysis in a blood sample to occur? | Leaving the tourniquet on too long, too large of a needle, bevel down, not all the way in the vein
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| What are normal ranges for ESR in male/female | Male: 0-10
Female: 0-20
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